Question 1

Conduct books appeared instrumental in changing people's sense of self because

Accepted Answer

A) they clearly outlined the types of behaviors that were deemed appropriate and inappropriate, thereby creating a sense of morality and accomplishment in people. 
B) as a technology of the Protestant religion, they created an emphasis on self-control and increased literacy rates, which allowed for greater introspection. 
C) as a technology of the Catholic religion, they provided a guide for raising a family, which created a feeling of cohesiveness and productiveness in parents. 
D) of none of the above 
A) they clearly outlined the types of behaviors that were deemed appropriate and inappropriate, thereby creating a sense of morality and accomplishment in people. 
B) as a technology of the Protestant religion, they created an emphasis on self-control and increased literacy rates, which allowed for greater introspection. 
C) as a technology of the Catholic religion, they provided a guide for raising a family, which created a feeling of cohesiveness and productiveness in parents. 
D) of none of the above B

Question 2

Smith's concept of division of labor refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the institutional racism that existed during the Industrial Revolution, whereby Black workers received less pay and had lower status within the workplace than White workers. 
B) the division of labor that existed between men and women, which facilitated the division between public and private spheres. 
C) legislature put in place to ensure that pay was reflective of the quality and quantity of work produced. 
D) the hierarchical arrangement of work such that different status levels yielded different tasks and different pay. 
A) the institutional racism that existed during the Industrial Revolution, whereby Black workers received less pay and had lower status within the workplace than White workers. 
B) the division of labor that existed between men and women, which facilitated the division between public and private spheres. 
C) legislature put in place to ensure that pay was reflective of the quality and quantity of work produced. 
D) the hierarchical arrangement of work such that different status levels yielded different tasks and different pay. D

Question 3

In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, a movement that became known as

Accepted Answer

A) the revolution of the Roman Catholic Church. 
B) the Christian doctrine. 
C) the Protestant Christian revolution. 
D) the Protestant Reformation. 
A) the revolution of the Roman Catholic Church. 
B) the Christian doctrine. 
C) the Protestant Christian revolution. 
D) the Protestant Reformation. D

Question 4

The popularity of phrenology affected numerous areas of people's everyday lives, but it was particularly relevant to workers in the newly specialized workforce.This was because

Accepted Answer

A) phrenology introduced moral sentiment to working-class Americans. 
B) it offered insight into how to use the competitive nature of the workforce together with the knowledge of one's own abilities to get ahead. 
C) it made it easy to tell which bosses were unfair. 
D) it provided information about which jobs were good for men and which were good for women. 
A) phrenology introduced moral sentiment to working-class Americans. 
B) it offered insight into how to use the competitive nature of the workforce together with the knowledge of one's own abilities to get ahead. 
C) it made it easy to tell which bosses were unfair. 
D) it provided information about which jobs were good for men and which were good for women.

Question 5

The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid changes to the family structure, workforce, social conditions, gender expectations, and urban development.This period also had significant implications for the field of psychology; namely,

Accepted Answer

A) in an increasingly urbanized society where meritocracy outweighed family lineage, the need to make sense of one's life was increasingly important. 
B) the number of women entering the workforce was rapidly increasing, so the psychology of women became an important area of study. 
C) psychologists offered scientific explanations of supernatural phenomena that were comforting to people. 
D) it created jobs for psychologists. 
A) in an increasingly urbanized society where meritocracy outweighed family lineage, the need to make sense of one's life was increasingly important. 
B) the number of women entering the workforce was rapidly increasing, so the psychology of women became an important area of study. 
C) psychologists offered scientific explanations of supernatural phenomena that were comforting to people. 
D) it created jobs for psychologists.

Question 6

The term commercial society refers to

Accepted Answer

A) a society that is inundated with constant appeals to consume goods and services. 
B) an understanding that people and their relationships are defined by what they buy, sell, or produce. 
C) the notion that a capitalist-driven society, despite its pitfalls, is the most productive in terms of worker output and capital gain. 
D) none of the above 
A) a society that is inundated with constant appeals to consume goods and services. 
B) an understanding that people and their relationships are defined by what they buy, sell, or produce. 
C) the notion that a capitalist-driven society, despite its pitfalls, is the most productive in terms of worker output and capital gain. 
D) none of the above

Question 7

According to historian of psychology Michael Sokal, in which three areas could you receive advice from a phrenologist?

Accepted Answer

A) Family, marital, and child rearing 
B) Vocational, marital, and emotional 
C) Vocational, family, and child rearing 
D) Emotional, vocational, and family 
A) Family, marital, and child rearing 
B) Vocational, marital, and emotional 
C) Vocational, family, and child rearing 
D) Emotional, vocational, and family

Question 8

Which of the following was responsible for introducing fee-for-service standards with psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) phrenology 
B) physiognomy 
C) the Industrial Revolution 
D) mesmerism 
E) all of the above 
A) phrenology 
B) physiognomy 
C) the Industrial Revolution 
D) mesmerism 
E) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following psychological procedure(s) was/were closely connected to the needs created by the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A) conduct books and phrenology 
B) letter writing and diary entries 
C) phrenology and physiognomy 
D) phrenology only 
A) conduct books and phrenology 
B) letter writing and diary entries 
C) phrenology and physiognomy 
D) phrenology only

Question 10

Combe was a noted scholar in which of the following psychological practices?

Accepted Answer

A) phrenology 
B) physiognomy 
C) spiritualism 
D) mesmerism 
A) phrenology 
B) physiognomy 
C) spiritualism 
D) mesmerism

Question 11

Critics of physiognomy asserted that

Accepted Answer

A) it made everyday people believe they were psychologists. 
B) since any person could be easily trained to give a physiognomic reading, this ease and lack of training gave the real psychological sciences, such as phrenology, a reputation for being unscientific. 
C) it was simply folk wisdom that had little relation to a real science. 
D) physiognomy was helping to further narrow the gap between the psychical and the psychological. 
A) it made everyday people believe they were psychologists. 
B) since any person could be easily trained to give a physiognomic reading, this ease and lack of training gave the real psychological sciences, such as phrenology, a reputation for being unscientific. 
C) it was simply folk wisdom that had little relation to a real science. 
D) physiognomy was helping to further narrow the gap between the psychical and the psychological.

Question 12

The market's encouragement of self-control or self-regulation because humans required functioning relationships with other people was referred to by Adam Smith as

Accepted Answer

A) invisible hand 
B) self-command 
C) commercial society 
D) moral sentiment 
A) invisible hand 
B) self-command 
C) commercial society 
D) moral sentiment

Question 13

The popularity of systems such as physiognomy and phrenology had such a significant impact on the everyday lives of Americans because

Accepted Answer

A) they provided everyday people with a psychological language and the ability to examine themselves in a psychological way while using practical knowledge. 
B) they were quick and easy systems with which to learn the social and mental characteristics of others and were particularly useful when looking for a mate. 
C) phrenology offered insight into how the brain worked, which helped people understand their own behaviors. 
D) having phrenological and physiognomic readings done became a standard in the job interview process. 
A) they provided everyday people with a psychological language and the ability to examine themselves in a psychological way while using practical knowledge. 
B) they were quick and easy systems with which to learn the social and mental characteristics of others and were particularly useful when looking for a mate. 
C) phrenology offered insight into how the brain worked, which helped people understand their own behaviors. 
D) having phrenological and physiognomic readings done became a standard in the job interview process.

Question 14

Organology can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) a specific surgical procedure involving the removal of certain sections of organs. 
B) Franz Joseph Gall's approach to science, whereby the brain is composed of separate parts with distinct features. 
C) George Combe's variation of the physiognomic system. 
D) Johann Spurzheim's approach to "reading the signs of the body," which developed as a critique of phrenology. 
A) a specific surgical procedure involving the removal of certain sections of organs. 
B) Franz Joseph Gall's approach to science, whereby the brain is composed of separate parts with distinct features. 
C) George Combe's variation of the physiognomic system. 
D) Johann Spurzheim's approach to "reading the signs of the body," which developed as a critique of phrenology.

Question 15

The ancient system of understanding human character by linking the physical, outward appearance of a person and the inner character is

Accepted Answer

A) phrenology. 
B) physiognomy. 
C) mesmerism. 
D) functionalism. 
A) phrenology. 
B) physiognomy. 
C) mesmerism. 
D) functionalism.

Question 16

In what capacity did Protestant Christianity help cultivate the relationship between religion and everyday psychological practices?

Accepted Answer

A) Protestant Christianity placed an increased emphasis on strict and appropriate conduct, and the invention of conduct books aided in enforcement of the Protestant doctrine. 
B) Protestant faith asserted that individuals were responsible for their own relationship with God and followers must pay careful attention to their interior life. 
C) Protestant religion offered an alternative to the Catholic dogma that had previously been in place but was beginning to appear outdated. 
D) Similarities between Protestant religion and psychical research were quickly noted by the leaders of the Protestant Church, and Protestant followers were encouraged to engage in psychical discussion, meetings, and events. 
A) Protestant Christianity placed an increased emphasis on strict and appropriate conduct, and the invention of conduct books aided in enforcement of the Protestant doctrine. 
B) Protestant faith asserted that individuals were responsible for their own relationship with God and followers must pay careful attention to their interior life. 
C) Protestant religion offered an alternative to the Catholic dogma that had previously been in place but was beginning to appear outdated. 
D) Similarities between Protestant religion and psychical research were quickly noted by the leaders of the Protestant Church, and Protestant followers were encouraged to engage in psychical discussion, meetings, and events.

Question 17

Simultaneous with changes to the family structure as a whole during the 18th century, specific changes occurred within the nuclear family; most notably,

Accepted Answer

A) marriage based on romantic love became the norm rather than the exception. 
B) siblings were being born farther apart as the need to have numerous children was subsiding. 
C) divorcing from a spouse was becoming a more acceptable social institution. 
D) the birth of a girl was being more appreciated, whereas in previous decades the birth of a boy had greater social value. 
A) marriage based on romantic love became the norm rather than the exception. 
B) siblings were being born farther apart as the need to have numerous children was subsiding. 
C) divorcing from a spouse was becoming a more acceptable social institution. 
D) the birth of a girl was being more appreciated, whereas in previous decades the birth of a boy had greater social value.

Question 18

While conduct books and diaries became important technologies through the church, a more practical technology that aided in the movement toward inward reflection was

Accepted Answer

A) the camera. 
B) a set of writing utensils. 
C) the contemporary novel. 
D) the glass mirror. 
A) the camera. 
B) a set of writing utensils. 
C) the contemporary novel. 
D) the glass mirror.

Question 19

The primary change that evolved within the family structure in western Europe and England in the beginning of the 18th century involved

Accepted Answer

A) a focus on greater intimacy and affection within the family unit, coupled with a greater child orientation. 
B) a focus on greater intimacy and affection, although the focus on the adult members stayed constant. 
C) a dramatic increase in the number of children families were having to create more workers and allow for more providers within each family. 
D) a dramatic decrease in the number of children being born because women and primary caregivers were entering the workforce to sustain families during difficult economic periods. 
A) a focus on greater intimacy and affection within the family unit, coupled with a greater child orientation. 
B) a focus on greater intimacy and affection, although the focus on the adult members stayed constant. 
C) a dramatic increase in the number of children families were having to create more workers and allow for more providers within each family. 
D) a dramatic decrease in the number of children being born because women and primary caregivers were entering the workforce to sustain families during difficult economic periods.

Question 20

The famous phrase "invisible hand" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the cyclical nature of a capitalist society, in which the money that people earn through labor is funneled back into society through the consumption of goods. 
B) Smith's concept that everyone seeks out their own interests, thus fueling the capitalist regime through their own selfishness. 
C) Smith's concept that everyone seeks out their own interests, with the net result that everyone's needs are met. 
D) humans inextricable links to one another and most people's inability to function without a connection to another person. 
A) the cyclical nature of a capitalist society, in which the money that people earn through labor is funneled back into society through the consumption of goods. 
B) Smith's concept that everyone seeks out their own interests, thus fueling the capitalist regime through their own selfishness. 
C) Smith's concept that everyone seeks out their own interests, with the net result that everyone's needs are met. 
D) humans inextricable links to one another and most people's inability to function without a connection to another person.

Conduct books appeared instrumental in changing people's sense of self because

Smith's concept of division of labor refers to

In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, a movement that became known as

The popularity of phrenology affected numerous areas of people's everyday lives, but it was particularly relevant to workers in the newly specialized workforce.This was because

The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid changes to the family structure, workforce, social conditions, gender expectations, and urban development.This period also had significant implications for the field of psychology; namely,

The term commercial society refers to

According to historian of psychology Michael Sokal, in which three areas could you receive advice from a phrenologist?

Which of the following was responsible for introducing fee-for-service standards with psychology?

Which of the following psychological procedure(s) was/were closely connected to the needs created by the Industrial Revolution?

Combe was a noted scholar in which of the following psychological practices?

Critics of physiognomy asserted that

The market's encouragement of self-control or self-regulation because humans required functioning relationships with other people was referred to by Adam Smith as

The popularity of systems such as physiognomy and phrenology had such a significant impact on the everyday lives of Americans because

Organology can be defined as

The ancient system of understanding human character by linking the physical, outward appearance of a person and the inner character is

In what capacity did Protestant Christianity help cultivate the relationship between religion and everyday psychological practices?

Simultaneous with changes to the family structure as a whole during the 18th century, specific changes occurred within the nuclear family; most notably,

While conduct books and diaries became important technologies through the church, a more practical technology that aided in the movement toward inward reflection was

The primary change that evolved within the family structure in western Europe and England in the beginning of the 18th century involved

The famous phrase "invisible hand" refers to

Introduction

Origins of a Science of Mind

Subject Matter, Methods, and the Making of a New Science

From Periphery to Center: Creating an American Psychology

The Practice of Psychology at the Interfacewith Medicine

Psychologists As Testers: Applying Psychology, Ordering Society

American Psychological Science and Practice Between the World Wars

Psychology in Europe Between the World Wars

The Golden Age of American Psychology

Internationalization and Indigenization of Psychology Afterworld War II

Feminism and American Psychology: the Science and Politics of Gender

Inclusiveness, Identity, and Conflict in Late 20th-Century American Psychology

Brain, Behavior, and Cognition Since 1945

Filters

Exam 3: Everyday Life and Psychological Practices

Conduct books appeared instrumental in changing people's sense of self because

Smith's concept of division of labor refers to

In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, a movement that became known as

The popularity of phrenology affected numerous areas of people's everyday lives, but it was particularly relevant to workers in the newly specialized workforce.This was because

The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid changes to the family structure, workforce, social conditions, gender expectations, and urban development.This period also had significant implications for the field of psychology; namely,

The term commercial society refers to

According to historian of psychology Michael Sokal, in which three areas could you receive advice from a phrenologist?

Which of the following was responsible for introducing fee-for-service standards with psychology?

Which of the following psychological procedure(s) was/were closely connected to the needs created by the Industrial Revolution?

Combe was a noted scholar in which of the following psychological practices?

Critics of physiognomy asserted that

The market's encouragement of self-control or self-regulation because humans required functioning relationships with other people was referred to by Adam Smith as

The popularity of systems such as physiognomy and phrenology had such a significant impact on the everyday lives of Americans because

Organology can be defined as

The ancient system of understanding human character by linking the physical, outward appearance of a person and the inner character is

In what capacity did Protestant Christianity help cultivate the relationship between religion and everyday psychological practices?

Simultaneous with changes to the family structure as a whole during the 18th century, specific changes occurred within the nuclear family; most notably,

While conduct books and diaries became important technologies through the church, a more practical technology that aided in the movement toward inward reflection was

The primary change that evolved within the family structure in western Europe and England in the beginning of the 18th century involved

The famous phrase "invisible hand" refers to

Introduction

Origins of a Science of Mind

Subject Matter, Methods, and the Making of a New Science

From Periphery to Center: Creating an American Psychology

The Practice of Psychology at the Interfacewith Medicine

Psychologists As Testers: Applying Psychology, Ordering Society

American Psychological Science and Practice Between the World Wars

Psychology in Europe Between the World Wars

The Golden Age of American Psychology

Internationalization and Indigenization of Psychology Afterworld War II

Feminism and American Psychology: the Science and Politics of Gender

Inclusiveness, Identity, and Conflict in Late 20th-Century American Psychology

Brain, Behavior, and Cognition Since 1945

Filters