Question 1

Dr. Henson studies adaptive biological responses that occur as a result of repeated opioid administration. What adaptive mechanism is he likely to study?

Accepted Answer

A)  GIRK activation 
B)  sodium-potassium pump activity 
C)  ORL-1 receptor levels 
D)  neuropeptide cleavage 
A)  GIRK activation 
B)  sodium-potassium pump activity 
C)  ORL-1 receptor levels 
D)  neuropeptide cleavage B

Question 2

Which statement best reflects the biological role of morphine metabolites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphine metabolites typically decrease its subjective opioid-like effects. 
B)  Morphine metabolites might account for its analgesic effects. 
C)  Morphine is metabolized into the highly addictive compound diacetylmorphine. 
D)  Morphine metabolites decrease dopamine receptor levels, leading to opioid tolerance. 
A)  Morphine metabolites typically decrease its subjective opioid-like effects. 
B)  Morphine metabolites might account for its analgesic effects. 
C)  Morphine is metabolized into the highly addictive compound diacetylmorphine. 
D)  Morphine metabolites decrease dopamine receptor levels, leading to opioid tolerance. B

Question 3

In 2010, what percent of all 12th-grade high school students had abused Vicodin within the past year?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8% 
B)  8% 
C)  18% 
D)  28% 
A)  0.8% 
B)  8% 
C)  18% 
D)  28% B

Question 4

The communication of pain sensation is termed ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nociception 
B)  prociception 
C)  antiception 
D)  neuroception 
A)  nociception 
B)  prociception 
C)  antiception 
D)  neuroception

Question 5

According to conditioned place preference and self administration studies described in the text (Popik and Kolasiewicz, 1999; LaLumiere and Kalivas, 2008), which neurotransmitter has an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids?

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  serotonin 
C)  adenosine 
D)  epinephrine 
A)  glutamate 
B)  serotonin 
C)  adenosine 
D)  epinephrine

Question 6

Dr. Leighton studies the reinforcing properties of opioids. What biological system is he likely to work on?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA receptors in the ventral tegmental area 
B)  δ opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area 
C)  dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens 
D)  $\mu$opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens 
A)  GABA receptors in the ventral tegmental area 
B)  δ opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area 
C)  dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens 
D)  $\mu$opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens

Question 7

A pure opioid receptor agonist is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural opioid neurotransmitter 
B)  highly purified synthetic opioid 
C)  full agonist 
D)  partial agonist with no antagonistic actions 
A)  natural opioid neurotransmitter 
B)  highly purified synthetic opioid 
C)  full agonist 
D)  partial agonist with no antagonistic actions

Question 8

Maribel is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately two days. During this process she is prescribed an opioid receptor antagonist at a hospital setting. What type of detoxification process is Maribel participating in?

Accepted Answer

A)  ultrarapid opioid detoxification 
B)  rapid detoxification 
C)  short-term opioid detoxification 
D)  long-term opioid detoxification 
A)  ultrarapid opioid detoxification 
B)  rapid detoxification 
C)  short-term opioid detoxification 
D)  long-term opioid detoxification

Question 9

Postdoctoral fellow Angel injects a rat with an opioid. What effect will this have on GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area?

Accepted Answer

A)  This will have no effect. 
B)  This will inhibit the neurons. 
C)  This will activates the neurons. 
D)  This will inhibit or activate neurons depending on the types of GABA receptors present. 
A)  This will have no effect. 
B)  This will inhibit the neurons. 
C)  This will activates the neurons. 
D)  This will inhibit or activate neurons depending on the types of GABA receptors present.

Question 10

Which opioid represents the gold standard for opioid analgesics?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxycodone 
B)  codeine 
C)  morphine 
D)  diacetylmorphine 
A)  oxycodone 
B)  codeine 
C)  morphine 
D)  diacetylmorphine

Question 11

Postdoctoral fellow Ciara, who studies the processing of nociceptive information, finds that which neurotransmitters are released from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in response to painful stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate and substance A 
B)  dopamine and substance A 
C)  glutamate and substance P 
D)  dopamine and substance P 
A)  glutamate and substance A 
B)  dopamine and substance A 
C)  glutamate and substance P 
D)  dopamine and substance P

Question 12

Aside from its analgesic properties, opioids are also commonly used to treat ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  asthma 
B)  high blood pressure 
C)  ADHD 
D)  diarrhea 
A)  asthma 
B)  high blood pressure 
C)  ADHD 
D)  diarrhea

Question 13

Tyler uses heroin. In what order will the subjective effects of heroin occur for Tyler?

Accepted Answer

A)  straight, high, rush, and nod 
B)  rush, high, nod, and straight 
C)  high, rush, nod, and high 
D)  rush, straight, nod, and high 
A)  straight, high, rush, and nod 
B)  rush, high, nod, and straight 
C)  high, rush, nod, and high 
D)  rush, straight, nod, and high

Question 14

According to the text, ancient medical writings throughout Europe, the Middle East, and northern Africa list numerous ____ uses for opium.

Accepted Answer

A)  spiritual 
B)  medical 
C)  institutionalized 
D)  social 
A)  spiritual 
B)  medical 
C)  institutionalized 
D)  social

Question 15

Activating opioid receptors in the medulla ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases nociceptive information flow to the thalamus 
B)  reduces nociceptive information flow to the thalamus 
C)  increases nociceptive information flow to the nucleus accumbens 
D)  reduces nociceptive information flow to the nucleus accumbens 
A)  increases nociceptive information flow to the thalamus 
B)  reduces nociceptive information flow to the thalamus 
C)  increases nociceptive information flow to the nucleus accumbens 
D)  reduces nociceptive information flow to the nucleus accumbens

Question 16

How do opioids affect nociceptive signaling sent via C and Aδ axon terminals?

Accepted Answer

A)  By increasing both glutamate and substance P release 
B)  By decreasing both glutamate and substance P release 
C)  By increasing glutamate release and decreasing substance P release 
D)  By decreasing glutamate release and increasing substance P release 
A)  By increasing both glutamate and substance P release 
B)  By decreasing both glutamate and substance P release 
C)  By increasing glutamate release and decreasing substance P release 
D)  By decreasing glutamate release and increasing substance P release

Question 17

As a chronic user of heroin, Madelyn is at risk for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overproliferation of immune cells 
B)  developing an autoimmune disorder 
C)  suppressing her immune system 
D)  killing off her immune cells 
A)  overproliferation of immune cells 
B)  developing an autoimmune disorder 
C)  suppressing her immune system 
D)  killing off her immune cells

Question 18

The sodium-potassium pump and the endogenous opioid system are related. Specifically, the sodium-potassium pump leads to a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive response by increasing the excitatory state of the neuron 
B)  adaptive response by increasing the inhibitory state of the neuron 
C)  sensitized state by increasing the inhibitory state of the neuron 
A)  adaptive response by increasing the excitatory state of the neuron 
B)  adaptive response by increasing the inhibitory state of the neuron 
C)  sensitized state by increasing the inhibitory state of the neuron

Question 19

What were the results of a study by Spyraki and colleagues (1983), in which they used a conditioned place preference procedure to study the effects of heroin administration in rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rats learned to avoid locations associated with strong withdrawal symptoms. 
B)  Rats made an association between location and heroin's reinforcing effects. 
C)  Rats had more positive subjective experiences in very familiar locations. 
D)  Rats had more negative subjective experiences in rather unfamiliar locations. 
A)  Rats learned to avoid locations associated with strong withdrawal symptoms. 
B)  Rats made an association between location and heroin's reinforcing effects. 
C)  Rats had more positive subjective experiences in very familiar locations. 
D)  Rats had more negative subjective experiences in rather unfamiliar locations.

Question 20

What is a typical effect of a mixed opioid receptor agonist-antagonist?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enhances the magnitude of opioid pharmacological effects. 
B)  It limits the magnitude of opioid pharmacological effects. 
C)  It completely blocks opioid pharmacological effects. 
D)  It prolongs opioid pharmacological effects. 
A)  It enhances the magnitude of opioid pharmacological effects. 
B)  It limits the magnitude of opioid pharmacological effects. 
C)  It completely blocks opioid pharmacological effects. 
D)  It prolongs opioid pharmacological effects.

Dr. Henson studies adaptive biological responses that occur as a result of repeated opioid administration. What adaptive mechanism is he likely to study?

Which statement best reflects the biological role of morphine metabolites?

In 2010, what percent of all 12th-grade high school students had abused Vicodin within the past year?

The communication of pain sensation is termed ____.

According to conditioned place preference and self administration studies described in the text (Popik and Kolasiewicz, 1999; LaLumiere and Kalivas, 2008), which neurotransmitter has an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids?

Dr. Leighton studies the reinforcing properties of opioids. What biological system is he likely to work on?

A pure opioid receptor agonist is a(n) ____.

Maribel is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately two days. During this process she is prescribed an opioid receptor antagonist at a hospital setting. What type of detoxification process is Maribel participating in?

Postdoctoral fellow Angel injects a rat with an opioid. What effect will this have on GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area?

Which opioid represents the gold standard for opioid analgesics?

Postdoctoral fellow Ciara, who studies the processing of nociceptive information, finds that which neurotransmitters are released from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in response to painful stimuli?

Aside from its analgesic properties, opioids are also commonly used to treat ____.

Tyler uses heroin. In what order will the subjective effects of heroin occur for Tyler?

According to the text, ancient medical writings throughout Europe, the Middle East, and northern Africa list numerous ____ uses for opium.

Activating opioid receptors in the medulla ____.

How do opioids affect nociceptive signaling sent via C and Aδ axon terminals?

As a chronic user of heroin, Madelyn is at risk for ____.

The sodium-potassium pump and the endogenous opioid system are related. Specifically, the sodium-potassium pump leads to a(n) ____.

What were the results of a study by Spyraki and colleagues (1983), in which they used a conditioned place preference procedure to study the effects of heroin administration in rats?

What is a typical effect of a mixed opioid receptor agonist-antagonist?

Introduction to Psychopharmacology

The Nervous System

Neurotransmission

Properties of Drugs

Drugs of Abuse

Psychostimulants

Nicotine and Caffeine

Alcohol

Ghb, Inhalants, and Anesthetics

Cannabinoids

Psychedelic Drugs

Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters

Exam 10: Opioids

Dr. Henson studies adaptive biological responses that occur as a result of repeated opioid administration. What adaptive mechanism is he likely to study?

Which statement best reflects the biological role of morphine metabolites?

In 2010, what percent of all 12th-grade high school students had abused Vicodin within the past year?

The communication of pain sensation is termed ____.

According to conditioned place preference and self administration studies described in the text (Popik and Kolasiewicz, 1999; LaLumiere and Kalivas, 2008), which neurotransmitter has an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids?

Dr. Leighton studies the reinforcing properties of opioids. What biological system is he likely to work on?

A pure opioid receptor agonist is a(n) ____.

Maribel is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately two days. During this process she is prescribed an opioid receptor antagonist at a hospital setting. What type of detoxification process is Maribel participating in?

Postdoctoral fellow Angel injects a rat with an opioid. What effect will this have on GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area?

Which opioid represents the gold standard for opioid analgesics?

Postdoctoral fellow Ciara, who studies the processing of nociceptive information, finds that which neurotransmitters are released from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in response to painful stimuli?

Aside from its analgesic properties, opioids are also commonly used to treat ____.

Tyler uses heroin. In what order will the subjective effects of heroin occur for Tyler?

According to the text, ancient medical writings throughout Europe, the Middle East, and northern Africa list numerous ____ uses for opium.

Activating opioid receptors in the medulla ____.

How do opioids affect nociceptive signaling sent via C and Aδ axon terminals?

As a chronic user of heroin, Madelyn is at risk for ____.

The sodium-potassium pump and the endogenous opioid system are related. Specifically, the sodium-potassium pump leads to a(n) ____.

What were the results of a study by Spyraki and colleagues (1983), in which they used a conditioned place preference procedure to study the effects of heroin administration in rats?

What is a typical effect of a mixed opioid receptor agonist-antagonist?

Introduction to Psychopharmacology

The Nervous System

Neurotransmission

Properties of Drugs

Drugs of Abuse

Psychostimulants

Nicotine and Caffeine

Alcohol

Ghb, Inhalants, and Anesthetics

Cannabinoids

Psychedelic Drugs

Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters