Exam 6: Learning

In order for acquisition to occur, the _____ stimulus must occur before and close in time to the occurrence of the _____ stimulus.

Operant behavior is based on:

Pavlov's dogs acquired their conditioned response because the _____ predicted the _____.

_____ is the process by which consequences of a behavior increase the likelihood that the behavior will happen again.

Which statement is NOT true about the results of Albert Bandura's Bobo studies?

Which statement MOST accurately describes the result of extinction?

Which of these is NOT an ability that Bandura identified as necessary in order for an observer to learn from a model?

Shoe companies often pair their logos with successful athletes in order to get you excited about buying their shoes. Which could be BEST described as the unconditioned response in this scenario?

In instinctive drift, an animal's behavior:

Sara is irrationally afraid of spiders and shrieks when she sees one. What might this fear be diagnosed as, and why? Give an example of a situation in which this response might produce generalization and another situation where it may produce discrimination. Be sure to define the concepts of generalization and discrimination in your answer.

Dog trainers pair the sound of a clicker with treats so they can influence a dog's behavior without having to provide a treat every time. In this situation, the association between the clicker and a treat is an example of _____, and the clicker serves as a _____ to influence the dog's behavior.

Which situation does NOT exemplify the concept of reinforcement?

Thirteen-year-old Lucy only asks her dad if she can play video games; her dad always says yes, whereas her mom always says no. What BEST describes the role that Lucy's dad plays in this contingency?

When Zuoxin tells a new joke he heard to his roommate, his roommate laughs. Zuoxin keeps telling jokes, but his roommate (who needs to study) stops laughing. What is MOST likely to happen to Zuoxin's joke-telling behavior?

After a bad breakup, Scarlett was crying and there was a specific song playing on the radio that made Scarlett cry even more. For the next few months, whenever that song came on the radio, Scarlett would get choked up and teary-eyed. Finally, after about 6 months, Scarlett would hear that particular song and no longer react emotionally. A year later, however, the song came on the radio, and suddenly Scarlett felt herself get choked up again. This latter response is BEST described as:

Cognitive influences on learning can also be described as how _____ affects learning.

Explain Watson's Little Albert study. Identify the (1) neutral stimulus, (2) unconditioned stimulus, (3) unconditioned response, (4) conditioned stimulus, and (5) conditioned response, as well as (6) an example of what the conditioned response generalized to. Name one ethical failure of this study.

_____ conditioning is a form of learning in which the consequences of a voluntary behavior affect the likelihood that a behavior will recur.

A(n) _____ response is the automatic response to a stimulus that occurs naturally, without any need for learning.

Four-year-old Louis throws a fit in the checkout line at the grocery store when his mom refuses to buy the candy he sees and desperately wants. Eventually, after a few minutes of crying, his mother gives in and buys the candy for him. Now, whenever they are at the store, Louis starts asking for candy and bursts into tears as soon as he and his mom approach the checkout line. Louis's behavior is MOST likely due to: