Exam 9: Punishment and Sentencing

In the past 10 years, the annual number of executions in the United States:

_______has been seen as the most humane goal of punishment.

A_________ is a stipulation in sentencing guidelines that allows a judge to adjust his or her sentencing decision based on the special circumstances of a particular case.

A ______________is the actual offense committed and not the charge that is levied by a prosecutor as the result of a plea bargain.

"John reportedly used the stolen money to fuel his cocaine and gambling habits. While in prison, he can receive treatment and training to address these problems." This would be an explanation for which sentencing philosophy?

A fine is a direct payment to the victim or victims of a crime.

Legislative attempts to ensure that convicts will serve approximately the terms to which they are initially sentenced are known as__________________________________.

Which of the following sentencing philosophies is viewed as the most humane?

When an offender is sentenced under the determinate sentencing philosophy, his or her release date is determined by the parole board.

The rate of imprisonment is especially high for minorities who are young and unemployed.

List three reasons for sentencing disparities.

Discuss the factors that determine a sentence.

Judges are not uniform, or even consistent, in their opinions of which circumstances are mitigating or aggravating.

What is the oldest and most common justification for punishment?

Many supporters of the death penalty believe that Ted needs to be executed for committing such a heinous crime because others will be discouraged from committing a similar crime. This sentencing philosophy is known as:

The judge in this case picked the most severe punishment that the law would require because he felt that there were many circumstances surrounding Jeremy's present crime that justify a harsher sentence. These circumstances are referred to as:

Which landmark case effectively ended the execution of those who committed capital crimes as juveniles?

Determinate sentencing has severely restricted judicial discretion in many jurisdictions.

Case 9-1 Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was on probation for stealing a vehicle. -The judge asks the probation officer in the courtroom for a report that describes Jeremy's crime in detail, the suffering of the victims, Jeremy's prior offenses, and his family background. What is this report called?

____________is a situation in which those convicted of similar crimes do not receive similar sentences.