Question 1

Whose previous work did B.F.Skinner and William James expand and supplement in the 20th Century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov. 
B)  Albert Einstein. 
C)  Robert Tidwell. 
D)  Sigmund Freud. 
E)  Herbert Spencer. 
A)  Ivan Pavlov. 
B)  Albert Einstein. 
C)  Robert Tidwell. 
D)  Sigmund Freud. 
E)  Herbert Spencer. A

Question 2

Have the physical or social sciences seen the most change? Which do you consider the most significant?

Accepted Answer

Answers would include a strong critical thinking argument that states one over the other clearly and elaborates on specific individuals and debates that are still ongoing, such as evolution, Sigmund Freud and nuclear energy.

Question 3

What is the meaning of cultural relativism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rejection of anything not European. 
B)  A rejection of the new sciences. 
C)  A rejection of social reform. 
D)  A rejection of European ethnocentrism. 
E)  A rejection of international trade. 
A)  A rejection of anything not European. 
B)  A rejection of the new sciences. 
C)  A rejection of social reform. 
D)  A rejection of European ethnocentrism. 
E)  A rejection of international trade. D

Question 4

What is the central concept of the Darwinian theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection. 
B)  Atheism. 
C)  Creationism. 
D)  The laws of entropy. 
E)  Racial superiority. 
A)  Natural selection. 
B)  Atheism. 
C)  Creationism. 
D)  The laws of entropy. 
E)  Racial superiority.

Question 5

The ____________________ theory proposes that a colossal explosion was involved in creating the universe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ theory proposes that a colossal...

Question 6

One of the most disturbing aspects of modern specialized scientific study is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the ordinary person can never truly comprehend what goes on in a scientist's mind. 
B)  science has become so specialized that not enough people choose that field, thus eroding the number of discoveries made. 
C)  students in our public schools and universities find it very difficult to break into the field of science at all. 
D)  because the field of science is so advanced member of Congress who have the oversight of federal tax dollars might fund something dangerous without knowing what they are doing. 
E)  None of the options are correct. 
A)  the ordinary person can never truly comprehend what goes on in a scientist's mind. 
B)  science has become so specialized that not enough people choose that field, thus eroding the number of discoveries made. 
C)  students in our public schools and universities find it very difficult to break into the field of science at all. 
D)  because the field of science is so advanced member of Congress who have the oversight of federal tax dollars might fund something dangerous without knowing what they are doing. 
E)  None of the options are correct.

Question 7

The eventual result of Bismarck's attacks on the Catholic Church was

Accepted Answer

A)  a stronger church. 
B)  an increase in church membership. 
C)  the banding together of various religious groups to fight his attacks. 
D)  a decline in the number on the church rolls, because many Germans no longer felt a need for religion. 
E)  the establishment of a political party founded by the Church. 
A)  a stronger church. 
B)  an increase in church membership. 
C)  the banding together of various religious groups to fight his attacks. 
D)  a decline in the number on the church rolls, because many Germans no longer felt a need for religion. 
E)  the establishment of a political party founded by the Church.

Question 8

The Theory of Relativity, which announced the birth of 20th century physics and the end of the dominance of the Newtonian model, was developed by which German physicist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ernst Mach 
B)  Max Planck 
C)  Albert Einstein. 
D)  Wilhelm Roentgen 
E)  Max Bartolome 
A)  Ernst Mach 
B)  Max Planck 
C)  Albert Einstein. 
D)  Wilhelm Roentgen 
E)  Max Bartolome

Question 9

Freud's theories of psychology

Accepted Answer

A)  encouraged the belief in rational planning as an answer to misery. 
B)  were supported most ardently in his home city of Vienna. 
C)  were thought to be insulting by many of his colleagues. 
D)  were based on the study of behavior of animals. 
E)  built on Darwin's theories of evolution. 
A)  encouraged the belief in rational planning as an answer to misery. 
B)  were supported most ardently in his home city of Vienna. 
C)  were thought to be insulting by many of his colleagues. 
D)  were based on the study of behavior of animals. 
E)  built on Darwin's theories of evolution.

Question 10

Analyze the ways in which religion has responded to the challenges of science.How effective has religion been in facing these challenges?

Accepted Answer

Answers would include a discus

Question 11

The civic culture of both America and the European continent underwent a major change by the late 1800s, as many educated people

Accepted Answer

A)  unexpectedly began to join evangelical churches. 
B)  decided in favor of state-run educational systems rather than religious training for their young. 
C)  joined political parties that had religious agendas. 
D)  began to attend church regularly again after years of being in services only sporadically. 
E)  removed their children from the public schools and enrolled them in schools run by the various religious denominations. 
A)  unexpectedly began to join evangelical churches. 
B)  decided in favor of state-run educational systems rather than religious training for their young. 
C)  joined political parties that had religious agendas. 
D)  began to attend church regularly again after years of being in services only sporadically. 
E)  removed their children from the public schools and enrolled them in schools run by the various religious denominations.

Question 12

The British Christians who did not accept the Anglican credo were known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Unitarians. 
B)  Methodists. 
C)  Quakers. 
D)  Nonconformists. 
E)  Each of these groups rejected Anglicanism. 
A)  Unitarians. 
B)  Methodists. 
C)  Quakers. 
D)  Nonconformists. 
E)  Each of these groups rejected Anglicanism.

Question 13

What was the philosophy behind the briefly popular Social Darwinism practiced in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilitariansim was the best way to approach all problems. 
B)  Sociology was a pseudo-science when compared to Darwin's theories. 
C)  Darwin was a social creature and his teachings led to harmony. 
D)  Only the fittest will survive as a ruthless natural order dictates. 
E)  Socialist are meant to overcome all resistance in politics. 
A)  Utilitariansim was the best way to approach all problems. 
B)  Sociology was a pseudo-science when compared to Darwin's theories. 
C)  Darwin was a social creature and his teachings led to harmony. 
D)  Only the fittest will survive as a ruthless natural order dictates. 
E)  Socialist are meant to overcome all resistance in politics.

Question 14

Sociology is based on the premise that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are social animals whose behavior can be studied to the point of predicting future behavior. 
B)  if one studied social behavior sufficiently, one could figure out how to alter behavior in positive ways. 
C)  all humans are capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, if the right approach is used with each individual. 
D)  the study of anthropology will help one predict future human social behavior. 
E)  the best reason for studying humanity en masse is to determine which social groups are most compatible with each other. 
A)  humans are social animals whose behavior can be studied to the point of predicting future behavior. 
B)  if one studied social behavior sufficiently, one could figure out how to alter behavior in positive ways. 
C)  all humans are capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, if the right approach is used with each individual. 
D)  the study of anthropology will help one predict future human social behavior. 
E)  the best reason for studying humanity en masse is to determine which social groups are most compatible with each other.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about 19th century religion is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The church's most faithful followers were urban conservatives. 
B)  Intellectuals rejected the claim of the clergy that, because of their religious work, they were closer to a higher being than most people. 
C)  Marxists believed that religion had a minor role to play while socialism first gained a foothold. 
D)  Liberals began to assert forcefully that God was dead. 
E)  The largest group to remain true to the Christian faith was the middle class. 
A)  The church's most faithful followers were urban conservatives. 
B)  Intellectuals rejected the claim of the clergy that, because of their religious work, they were closer to a higher being than most people. 
C)  Marxists believed that religion had a minor role to play while socialism first gained a foothold. 
D)  Liberals began to assert forcefully that God was dead. 
E)  The largest group to remain true to the Christian faith was the middle class.

Question 16

During the 19th century, both Catholics and Protestants were often viewed as

Accepted Answer

A)  too passionate about spreading their faith. 
B)  too pessimistic in their views about the future. 
C)  unpleasant anti-progressives. 
D)  on the cutting edge of using new technologies. 
E)  thoughtful ethicists willing to adopt new ideas. 
A)  too passionate about spreading their faith. 
B)  too pessimistic in their views about the future. 
C)  unpleasant anti-progressives. 
D)  on the cutting edge of using new technologies. 
E)  thoughtful ethicists willing to adopt new ideas.

Question 17

The ____________________ were physicists who carried out pioneering work in radioactivity in France in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ were physicists who carried out...

Question 18

Discuss the malaise of the 20th century.

Accepted Answer

Answers would include a discus

Question 19

Freud believed that he had completed the destruction of the traditional view of mankind begun by

Accepted Answer

A)  Copernicus and Darwin. 
B)  Aristotle and Comte. 
C)  Newton and Darwin. 
D)  Darwin and Marx. 
E)  Aristotle and Newton. 
A)  Copernicus and Darwin. 
B)  Aristotle and Comte. 
C)  Newton and Darwin. 
D)  Darwin and Marx. 
E)  Aristotle and Newton.

Question 20

What were the subjects of Ivan Pavlov's earliest work in behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apes. 
B)  Mice. 
C)  Dogs. 
D)  Cats. 
E)  Birds. 
A)  Apes. 
B)  Mice. 
C)  Dogs. 
D)  Cats. 
E)  Birds.

Exam 39: Modern Science and Its Implications

Whose previous work did B.F.Skinner and William James expand and supplement in the 20th Century?

Have the physical or social sciences seen the most change? Which do you consider the most significant?

What is the meaning of cultural relativism?

What is the central concept of the Darwinian theory of evolution?

The ____________________ theory proposes that a colossal explosion was involved in creating the universe.

One of the most disturbing aspects of modern specialized scientific study is that

The eventual result of Bismarck's attacks on the Catholic Church was

The Theory of Relativity, which announced the birth of 20th century physics and the end of the dominance of the Newtonian model, was developed by which German physicist?

Freud's theories of psychology

Analyze the ways in which religion has responded to the challenges of science.How effective has religion been in facing these challenges?

The civic culture of both America and the European continent underwent a major change by the late 1800s, as many educated people

The British Christians who did not accept the Anglican credo were known as

What was the philosophy behind the briefly popular Social Darwinism practiced in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Sociology is based on the premise that

Which of the following statements about 19th century religion is accurate?

During the 19th century, both Catholics and Protestants were often viewed as

The ____________________ were physicists who carried out pioneering work in radioactivity in France in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Discuss the malaise of the 20th century.

Freud believed that he had completed the destruction of the traditional view of mankind begun by

What were the subjects of Ivan Pavlov's earliest work in behaviorism?

A Larger World Opens

Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

The Gunpowder Empires of Western and Southern Asia

Africa in the Era of Expansion

China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Japan and Southeast Asia in the Era of European Expansion

From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

The Scientific Revolution and Its Enlightened Aftermath

Liberalism and the Challenge to Absolute Monarchy

The Early Industrial Revolution

Europe: New Ideas and New Nations

Advanced Industrial Society

The Islamic World, 1600-1917

India and Southeast Asia Under Colonial Rule

European Imperialism and Africa During the Age of Industry

China in the Age of Imperialism

Latin America From Independence to Dependent States

World War I and Its Disputed Settlement

A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties

The Soviet Experiment to World War II

Totalitarianism Refined: the Nazi State

East Asia in a Century of Change

World War II

The Cold World War

Decolonization of the Non-Western World

The New Asia

Africas Decolonization and Independence

Latin America in the Twentieth Century

The Reemergence of the Muslim World

Collapse and Reemergence in Communist Europe

A New Millennium

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