Exam 5: Thinking Critically and Developing Ideas

False generalisation is a flaw demonstrated when writers overgeneralise and incorrectly assume that evidence uncovered in one setting will also apply to a very different context.

The advantage of experiments is that they enable researchers to establish the direction of __________.

A writer is being intellectually _________ when he or she only accepts the arguments of others when they are logical, complete, and supported by research.

To be objective means:

Spurious variable refers to variables that confuse the results (such as the order of conditions).

In quasi-experiments, participants are randomly assigned to conditions or groups.

The theory that violence on TV provokes agitation, and this agitation promotes suspicion, implies at least two associations:

According to Zechmeister and Johnson (1992), students are likely to be thinking critically if they are intellectually sceptical, i.e., wanting to know the truth.

The direction of causality cannot be inferred logically from ____________.

Where a writer accepts evidence and arguments even if they contradict their own beliefs, they are regarded as being intellectually _________.

Limitations in the methods refers to observations that do not support the theory - that is, the findings might suggest that the theory does not apply in all settings or contexts, such as cultures, locations, demographics, or situations.

A/an ____________ argument is when a writer attacks the character of the opposition, rather than the opinions of the opposition.