Question 1

Describe Watson's treatment of instincts between 1910 and 1925.​

Accepted Answer

During the period between 1910 and 1925, John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism, focused on the role of instincts in human behavior. He rejected the idea that instincts played a significant role in shaping behavior and instead emphasized the importance of environmental factors and learning in determining behavior.

Watson believed that all behavior, including complex human behaviors, could be explained by a combination of simple stimulus-response associations. He argued that instincts were not innate or inherited, but rather were learned through conditioning and experience. This view was a radical departure from the prevailing theories of the time, which emphasized the role of instincts in shaping behavior.

In his famous "Little Albert" experiment, Watson demonstrated how fear could be conditioned in a young child through association with a loud noise. This experiment provided evidence for Watson's belief that complex behaviors, such as fear, could be learned through simple conditioning processes, rather than being driven by innate instincts.

Overall, during this period, Watson's treatment of instincts was characterized by a rejection of their importance in shaping behavior and an emphasis on the role of environmental factors and learning. This perspective laid the foundation for the behaviorist approach to psychology, which dominated the field for much of the 20th century.

Question 2

Watson chose to pursue research with white rats,he said,because he ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​wanted to maintain a close association with biology 
B) wanted to dissociate himself from philosophy 
C) ​wanted to dissociate himself from his original pursuits in theology 
D) could not learn to do introspection 
E) found rats to be more cooperative than human subjects 
A) ​wanted to maintain a close association with biology 
B) wanted to dissociate himself from philosophy 
C) ​wanted to dissociate himself from his original pursuits in theology 
D) could not learn to do introspection 
E) found rats to be more cooperative than human subjects A

Question 3

The Little Albert study ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​was a prototype for the modern learned helplessness paradigm 
B) was replicated by Mary Cover Jones 
C) ​showed that fears could not be conditioned 
D) demonstrated the value of punishment 
E) has never been replicated 
A) ​was a prototype for the modern learned helplessness paradigm 
B) was replicated by Mary Cover Jones 
C) ​showed that fears could not be conditioned 
D) demonstrated the value of punishment 
E) has never been replicated E

Question 4

Watson rejected the whole notion of the unconscious because ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​it ,like the rest of psychoanalysis,was voodooism 
B) it called for use of the method of introspection 
C) ​it could not be objectively observed 
D) it,like the rest of psychoanalysis,was voodooism and it could not be objectively observed 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) ​it ,like the rest of psychoanalysis,was voodooism 
B) it called for use of the method of introspection 
C) ​it could not be objectively observed 
D) it,like the rest of psychoanalysis,was voodooism and it could not be objectively observed 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

McDougall's arguments against Watson included that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​humans had free will 
B) data pertaining to consciousness were valuable 
C) ​an appeal to God as the director of human behavior 
D) free will made prediction and control unlikely 
E) humans had free will and data pertaining to consciousness were valuable 
A) ​humans had free will 
B) data pertaining to consciousness were valuable 
C) ​an appeal to God as the director of human behavior 
D) free will made prediction and control unlikely 
E) humans had free will and data pertaining to consciousness were valuable

Question 6

Watson listed how many instincts in his 1914 book on comparative psychology?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​0 
B) 3 
C) ​11 
D) 15 
E) over 100 
A) ​0 
B) 3 
C) ​11 
D) 15 
E) over 100

Question 7

According to Watson,the elements of behavior are ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​associations among S-R connections 
B) the body's muscular movement and glandular responses 
C) ​an exchange of ideas between the conscious and the unconscious mind 
D) a synthesis of mental elements involving sensations,images,and feelings 
E) a series of actions 
A) ​associations among S-R connections 
B) the body's muscular movement and glandular responses 
C) ​an exchange of ideas between the conscious and the unconscious mind 
D) a synthesis of mental elements involving sensations,images,and feelings 
E) a series of actions

Question 8

For Watson,stimuli ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​are always simple elements 
B) are always complex and reducible to simpler elements 
C) ​may be simple or complex 
D) are irreducible 
E) occur after responses 
A) ​are always simple elements 
B) are always complex and reducible to simpler elements 
C) ​may be simple or complex 
D) are irreducible 
E) occur after responses

Question 9

An early popularizer of psychology was ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Jones 
B) Jastrow 
C) ​Dewey 
D) Wiggam 
E) both Jastrow and Wiggam 
A) ​Jones 
B) Jastrow 
C) ​Dewey 
D) Wiggam 
E) both Jastrow and Wiggam

Question 10

Watson's behaviorism was mechanistic.His own behavior might also be called mechanistic with regard to his relationship with ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​his wife,Rosalie 
B) his children 
C) ​women in general 
D) his male buddies​ 
E) his dogs 
A) ​his wife,Rosalie 
B) his children 
C) ​women in general 
D) his male buddies​ 
E) his dogs

Question 11

What was Watson's plan for the improvement of society? Describe what were seen as its strengths and weakness? How well was it accepted within psychology and by the general public?​

Accepted Answer

Watson's plan for the improvement of soc

Question 12

How did Watson describe the conditioned reflex method? Why did he find it indispensable from a behaviorist perspective? Describe how Watson and Raynor used this method to condition an emotional response.​

Accepted Answer

Watson described the conditioned reflex

Question 13

The most important research method of the behaviorists was ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​observation with the use of instruments 
B) observation without the use of instruments 
C) ​the verbal report method 
D) the conditioned reflex method 
E) testing methods 
A) ​observation with the use of instruments 
B) observation without the use of instruments 
C) ​the verbal report method 
D) the conditioned reflex method 
E) testing methods

Question 14

Watson's work has been involved with which of the following divisions of psychology?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​animal psychology 
B) industrial/organizational psychology 
C) ​behaviorism 
D) developmental psychology 
E) All of the above. 
A) ​animal psychology 
B) industrial/organizational psychology 
C) ​behaviorism 
D) developmental psychology 
E) All of the above.

Question 15

For Watson,the mentalistic term thinking could be ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking 
B) measured by its behavior correlates (gestures) 
C) ​observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) ​redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking 
B) measured by its behavior correlates (gestures) 
C) ​observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Watson's 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​engendered much attention in the professional literature 
B) was wholeheartedly embraced by the general public 
C) ​engendered a firestorm of protest from both the functionalists and the structuralists 
D) was eclipsed by the attention given to Freud's new theories 
E) was relatively ignored by the professional journals 
A) ​engendered much attention in the professional literature 
B) was wholeheartedly embraced by the general public 
C) ​engendered a firestorm of protest from both the functionalists and the structuralists 
D) was eclipsed by the attention given to Freud's new theories 
E) was relatively ignored by the professional journals

Question 17

The efficiency of learning is a function of the total amount of brain tissue;this is ____ law of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​Watson's;equipotentiality 
B) Lashley's;equipotentiality 
C) ​Lashley's;mass action 
D) Jastrow's;cortical substitution 
E) Jastrow's;mass action 
A) ​Watson's;equipotentiality 
B) Lashley's;equipotentiality 
C) ​Lashley's;mass action 
D) Jastrow's;cortical substitution 
E) Jastrow's;mass action

Question 18

____ at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​B.F.Skinner 
B) Robert Yerkes 
C) ​William McDougall 
D) James Mark Baldwin 
E) James McKeen Cattell 
A) ​B.F.Skinner 
B) Robert Yerkes 
C) ​William McDougall 
D) James Mark Baldwin 
E) James McKeen Cattell

Question 19

Watson argued that the failure of psychology as a natural science was due to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the fact that data of introspection cannot be replicated 
B) blaming the observer rather than the method for failure to replicate in introspection 
C) ​the failure to operationally define terms in common use by psychologists 
D) the use of mechanistic terms 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) ​the fact that data of introspection cannot be replicated 
B) blaming the observer rather than the method for failure to replicate in introspection 
C) ​the failure to operationally define terms in common use by psychologists 
D) the use of mechanistic terms 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

In Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,Watson found encouraging calls for a science of behavior but not for a science of mental behavior.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Describe Watson's treatment of instincts between 1910 and 1925.

Watson chose to pursue research with white rats,he said,because he ____.

The Little Albert study ____.

Watson rejected the whole notion of the unconscious because ____.

McDougall's arguments against Watson included that ____.

Watson listed how many instincts in his 1914 book on comparative psychology?

According to Watson,the elements of behavior are ____.

For Watson,stimuli ____.

An early popularizer of psychology was ____.

Watson's behaviorism was mechanistic.His own behavior might also be called mechanistic with regard to his relationship with ____.

What was Watson's plan for the improvement of society? Describe what were seen as its strengths and weakness? How well was it accepted within psychology and by the general public?

How did Watson describe the conditioned reflex method? Why did he find it indispensable from a behaviorist perspective? Describe how Watson and Raynor used this method to condition an emotional response.

The most important research method of the behaviorists was ____.

Watson's work has been involved with which of the following divisions of psychology?

For Watson,the mentalistic term thinking could be ____.

Watson's 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It ____.

The efficiency of learning is a function of the total amount of brain tissue;this is law of .

____ at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.

Watson argued that the failure of psychology as a natural science was due to ____.

In Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,Watson found encouraging calls for a science of behavior but not for a science of mental behavior.

The Study of the History of Psychology.

Philosophical Influences on Psychology

Physiological Influences on Psychology

The New Psychology.

Structuralism

Functionalism: Antecedent Influences

Functionalism: Development and Founding

Applied Psychology: the Legacy of Functionalism

Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences.

Behaviorism: After the Founding.

gestalt Psychology

Psychoanalysis: the Beginnings.

Psychoanalysis: After the Founding.

Contemporary Developments in Psychology.

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Exam 10: Behaviorism: the Beginnings