Chat with AIExam 4: Housing the Dangerous Classes: The Emergence of the Prison System
A system of punishment known as the "congregate system" was associated with the Pennsylvania system.
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VerifiedFalse
According to the author of this book, as far as the prison system is concerned, the period encompassing the past 40-50 years can be described as the era of:
(41) VerifiedB
Why was the so-called Auburn system eventually adopted in the United States?
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe so-called Auburn system, also known as the New York or congregate system, was a penal method of the 19th century that was eventually adopted in the United States due to its perceived benefits over alternative prison models, particularly the Pennsylvania system. The Auburn system was named after the Auburn Prison in New York, where the approach was first implemented.
Several factors contributed to the adoption of the Auburn system:
1. **Economic Efficiency**: The Auburn system allowed for prisoners to work together in silence during the day, which made it possible for prisons to operate workshops and produce goods. This was seen as a way to make prisons more economically self-sufficient and reduce the cost of incarceration for the state.
2. **Discipline and Order**: The system emphasized strict discipline, with a regimented schedule and enforced silence. Prisoners were expected to work in groups but were prohibited from communicating with each other, which was believed to prevent the spread of criminal ideas and maintain order within the prison.
3. **Rehabilitation**: Although the Auburn system was strict, it was also believed to offer a chance at rehabilitation. The combination of labor, discipline, and moral instruction was thought to instill habits of industry and improve the character of inmates.
4. **Overcrowding**: The Pennsylvania system, which was the main alternative at the time, required solitary confinement for each inmate, which necessitated larger facilities and was more expensive to build and maintain. As the prison population grew, the Auburn system's more efficient use of space became a significant advantage.
5. **Practicality**: The Auburn system was seen as more practical and easier to implement on a large scale. It required fewer guards and less complex facilities than the Pennsylvania system, which needed individual cells large enough for inmates to live and work in isolation.
6. **Social Control**: The Auburn system's strict regime of silence and group labor was also seen as a means of social control, reinforcing the power of the state over the individual and serving as a deterrent to crime.
Despite its adoption and the perceived advantages, the Auburn system was not without its critics. The enforced silence and lack of social interaction were seen by some as cruel and detrimental to the mental health of prisoners. Over time, the system evolved, and many of its harsher aspects were mitigated or abandoned in favor of more progressive correctional strategies. However, the influence of the Auburn system can still be seen in the emphasis on work and discipline in many modern correctional institutions.
During colonial times, the death penalty was frequently imposed but actually rarely carried out.
(37) The major cause of the increase in incarceration rates during the last two decades of the 20th century has been the rise in convictions for murder.
(42) The building of prisons in America in the 19th century represented a shift from mostly ______________ forms of punishment to mostly _______________ forms.
(46) The movement that resulted in the prison system of Pennsylvania was led mostly by:
(39) The first "House of Correction" was the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia.
(31) Looking at the population of the various components of the criminal justice system we find that during the decade of the 1980s and 1990s, the segment that increased the most was _____ population:
(43) The Federal Bureau of Prisons helped develop which of the following:
(39) Distinguish among the state-use, contract and convict lease system of prison industries.
(36) Which of the following was the earliest forms of imprisonment?
(35) Among the several varieties of "prison industries" begun in the 19th century included:
(34) Briefly discuss the relationship between the development of capitalism and the emergence of imprisonment. What were some of the connections between the two?
(35) Which of the following is not an example of punishment associated with the Auburn system?
(39) Convict leasing involved leasing out prisoners to the local government.
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