Question 1

Examine the figure below.
   
According to this figure, the cytochrome c gene of a dog is most similar in sequence to that of a ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the figure below.
   
According...

Question 2

The result of _______ _______over evolutionary time spans is that individual organisms with a particular trait survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The result of _______ _______over evolutionary time...

Question 3

For a population to evolve, there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population. These differences arise by

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent.

Question 4

Individuals in a given population are genetically identical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A hurricane could cause genetic drift by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the mutation rate of a population. 
B)  randomly killing more males than females in a population. 
C)  randomly killing more individuals of one genotype than another in a population. 
D)  relocating a population to a different habitat. 
A)  increasing the mutation rate of a population. 
B)  randomly killing more males than females in a population. 
C)  randomly killing more individuals of one genotype than another in a population. 
D)  relocating a population to a different habitat.

Question 6

The main conclusion Darwin reached after his return from the Galápagos Islands was that

Accepted Answer

A)  animals from the Galápagos are like those from China. 
B)  the animals living on the Galápagos were common in England. 
C)  animals do not evolve over time. 
D)  species of animals change over time. 
A)  animals from the Galápagos are like those from China. 
B)  the animals living on the Galápagos were common in England. 
C)  animals do not evolve over time. 
D)  species of animals change over time.

Question 7

Which of the following is not homologous to any of the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  the wing of a bat 
B)  the flipper of a whale 
C)  the leg of a grasshopper 
D)  the arm of a human 
A)  the wing of a bat 
B)  the flipper of a whale 
C)  the leg of a grasshopper 
D)  the arm of a human

Question 8

One of the reasons scientists have had so much difficulty finding a cure for HIV/AIDS is that the HIV virus is quick to evolve resistance to the drugs used to treat it. What is the most likely mechanism for this type of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain versions of the virus are slower to die in the presence of a drug than others. Those viruses may survive drug treatment and pass their genes to their offspring. 
B)  Every time an HIV drug it taken, it randomly kills off most but not all virus particles. Those that survive repopulate the body of their host. 
C)  Although all copies of a particular strain of the HIV virus are identical, some are better at "hiding" in regions of the body that drugs cannot reach, and those viruses "teach" their offspring where to hide. 
D)  Some versions of the HIV virus produce chemicals that break down the drugs before they can harm the virus. 
A)  Certain versions of the virus are slower to die in the presence of a drug than others. Those viruses may survive drug treatment and pass their genes to their offspring. 
B)  Every time an HIV drug it taken, it randomly kills off most but not all virus particles. Those that survive repopulate the body of their host. 
C)  Although all copies of a particular strain of the HIV virus are identical, some are better at "hiding" in regions of the body that drugs cannot reach, and those viruses "teach" their offspring where to hide. 
D)  Some versions of the HIV virus produce chemicals that break down the drugs before they can harm the virus.

Question 9

Humans have a reduced tailbone and the muscles to move a tail. This evidence indicates that we descended from an ancestor that had a tail.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Humans bred cows specialized for milk production by allowing female cows that produce large quantities of milk to mate only with male cows with mothers that also produced large quantities of milk, an example of _____________ selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans bred cows specialized for milk production...

Question 11

Which of the following statements about evolution is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution only results in the addition of traits to existing organisms. 
B)  Evolution only results in the loss of traits from existing organisms. 
C)  Evolution can result in the addition or loss of traits in existing organisms. 
D)  Evolution has nothing to do with the addition or loss of traits. 
A)  Evolution only results in the addition of traits to existing organisms. 
B)  Evolution only results in the loss of traits from existing organisms. 
C)  Evolution can result in the addition or loss of traits in existing organisms. 
D)  Evolution has nothing to do with the addition or loss of traits.

Question 12

Natural selection tends to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the frequency of characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction. 
B)  decrease the number of individuals in any given population. 
C)  lead to an increase in genetic drift. 
D)  decrease the likelihood of adaptation. 
A)  increase the frequency of characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction. 
B)  decrease the number of individuals in any given population. 
C)  lead to an increase in genetic drift. 
D)  decrease the likelihood of adaptation.

Question 13

Some finches on the Galápagos Islands eat insects, an unusual food for finches to eat. These finches

Accepted Answer

A)  could not survive if they were moved from their island. 
B)  learned their habits from local birds. 
C)  switched to insects because they tasted better than their usual food. 
D)  fill roles that birds other than finches would fill in other places. 
A)  could not survive if they were moved from their island. 
B)  learned their habits from local birds. 
C)  switched to insects because they tasted better than their usual food. 
D)  fill roles that birds other than finches would fill in other places.

Question 14

When comparing certain amino acid sequences in the protein hemoglobin of humans to those of other animals, scientists found that baboons had seven different amino acids (than the human protein), dogs had ten different amino acids, gorillas had one different amino acid and lemurs had eight different amino acids. Which of these animals is most closely related to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  baboon 
B)  dog 
C)  lemur 
D)  gorilla 
A)  baboon 
B)  dog 
C)  lemur 
D)  gorilla

Question 15

Pangaea is

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of continental drift. 
B)  the combined fossil record of ancient species. 
C)  an ancient, giant continent. 
D)  the result of natural selection. 
A)  the process of continental drift. 
B)  the combined fossil record of ancient species. 
C)  an ancient, giant continent. 
D)  the result of natural selection.

Question 16

Two hundred million years ago all of the continents were part of a single giant land mass called ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two hundred million years ago all of...

Question 17

Continental drift predicts that the fossils of species that evolved after Pangaea split apart should be found on only one or a few present-day continents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The fossils of organisms that existed when the continents were connected are distributed across _______ [more or fewer?] continents than the fossils of organisms that evolved after the continents separated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fossils of organisms that existed when...

Question 19

Some whales have teeth as embryos but do not as adults. What is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The ancestors of these whales must have

Question 20

Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use _______ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection 
B)  cytochrome c 
C)  habitat changes 
D)  continental drift 
A)  artificial selection 
B)  cytochrome c 
C)  habitat changes 
D)  continental drift

Exam 16: How Evolution Works

Examine the figure below. According to this figure, the cytochrome c gene of a dog is most similar in sequence to that of a ___________.

The result of _______ _______over evolutionary time spans is that individual organisms with a particular trait survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals.

For a population to evolve, there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population. These differences arise by

Individuals in a given population are genetically identical.

A hurricane could cause genetic drift by

The main conclusion Darwin reached after his return from the Galápagos Islands was that

Which of the following is not homologous to any of the others?

One of the reasons scientists have had so much difficulty finding a cure for HIV/AIDS is that the HIV virus is quick to evolve resistance to the drugs used to treat it. What is the most likely mechanism for this type of evolution?

Humans have a reduced tailbone and the muscles to move a tail. This evidence indicates that we descended from an ancestor that had a tail.

Humans bred cows specialized for milk production by allowing female cows that produce large quantities of milk to mate only with male cows with mothers that also produced large quantities of milk, an example of _____________ selection.

Which of the following statements about evolution is true?

Natural selection tends to

Some finches on the Galápagos Islands eat insects, an unusual food for finches to eat. These finches

Pangaea is

Two hundred million years ago all of the continents were part of a single giant land mass called ______.

Continental drift predicts that the fossils of species that evolved after Pangaea split apart should be found on only one or a few present-day continents.

The fossils of organisms that existed when the continents were connected are distributed across _______ [more or fewer?] continents than the fossils of organisms that evolved after the continents separated.

Some whales have teeth as embryos but do not as adults. What is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon?

Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use _______ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

Filters

The result of _ _over evolutionary time spans is that individual organisms with a particular trait survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals.