Question 1

Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures.

Accepted Answer

Answer not provided

Question 2

The first component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Accepted Answer

A) punishment of the CR. 
B) conditioning fear to the CS. 
C) punishment of the CS. 
D) conditioning fear to the US. 
A) punishment of the CR. 
B) conditioning fear to the CS. 
C) punishment of the CS. 
D) conditioning fear to the US. B

Question 3

What is the fundamental problem in the analysis of avoidance behavior, and how is this problem resolved by two- process theory?

Accepted Answer

Answer not provided

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioned fear and avoidance responding are highly correlated. 
B) The results of escape from fear experiments support the two-process theory of avoidance. 
C) During early stages of avoidance training, most of the trials are escape trials. 
D) Generally, one-way shuttle avoidance is easier to learn than two-way. 
A) Conditioned fear and avoidance responding are highly correlated. 
B) The results of escape from fear experiments support the two-process theory of avoidance. 
C) During early stages of avoidance training, most of the trials are escape trials. 
D) Generally, one-way shuttle avoidance is easier to learn than two-way.

Question 5

In a flooding procedure, the subject is

Accepted Answer

A) exposed to the US but unable to make the UR. 
B) exposed to the UR but unable to make the avoidance response. 
C) exposed to the CS but unable to make the avoidance response. 
D) exposed to the US without exposure to the CS. 
A) exposed to the US but unable to make the UR. 
B) exposed to the UR but unable to make the avoidance response. 
C) exposed to the CS but unable to make the avoidance response. 
D) exposed to the US without exposure to the CS.

Question 6

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Accepted Answer

A) response noncontingent, harsh, and of long duration. 
B) response contingent, mild, and of short duration. 
C) response noncontingent, mild, and of short duration. 
D) response contingent, harsh, and of long duration. 
A) response noncontingent, harsh, and of long duration. 
B) response contingent, mild, and of short duration. 
C) response noncontingent, mild, and of short duration. 
D) response contingent, harsh, and of long duration.

Question 7

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades.He studies long into the night.When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes.Your roommate is a believer in

Accepted Answer

A) the shock-frequency reduction hypothesis. 
B) the two-process theory of avoidance. 
C) the safety-signal hypothesis. 
D) the SSDR theory. 
A) the shock-frequency reduction hypothesis. 
B) the two-process theory of avoidance. 
C) the safety-signal hypothesis. 
D) the SSDR theory.

Question 8

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment, you should

Accepted Answer

A) initially use mildly aversive stimuli. 
B) initially use aversive stimuli of short duration. 
C) initially use strong and longer aversive stimulation. 
D) use mild aversive stimulation and progress to stronger stimuli. 
A) initially use mildly aversive stimuli. 
B) initially use aversive stimuli of short duration. 
C) initially use strong and longer aversive stimulation. 
D) use mild aversive stimulation and progress to stronger stimuli.

Question 9

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Accepted Answer

A) is accompanied by a reduction in avoidance responses. 
B) has little effect on avoidance responses. 
C) reduces the persistence of avoidance responses. 
D) results in the flooding of avoidance responses. 
A) is accompanied by a reduction in avoidance responses. 
B) has little effect on avoidance responses. 
C) reduces the persistence of avoidance responses. 
D) results in the flooding of avoidance responses.

Question 10

Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of...

Question 11

As avoidance training continues, fear of the avoidance CS

Accepted Answer

A) remains constant. 
B) increases. 
C) begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote. 
D) decreases. 
A) remains constant. 
B) increases. 
C) begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote. 
D) decreases.

Question 12

Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance accounts for the behavior that develops in avoidance training.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance...

Question 13

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways is punishment similar to...

Question 14

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

Accepted Answer

A) How do avoidance trials lead to escape behaviors? 
B) Why does punishment have to be discriminated to be effective? 
C) How can the absence of something be reinforcing? 
D) All of the above 
A) How do avoidance trials lead to escape behaviors? 
B) Why does punishment have to be discriminated to be effective? 
C) How can the absence of something be reinforcing? 
D) All of the above

Question 15

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present, the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

Accepted Answer

A) overcorrection. 
B) discriminated punishment. 
C) self-punitive behavior. 
D) response-independent stimulation. 
A) overcorrection. 
B) discriminated punishment. 
C) self-punitive behavior. 
D) response-independent stimulation.

Question 16

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement of the escape response through termination of fear. 
B) punishment of the escape response through presentation of the aversive stimulus. 
C) reinforcement of the avoidance response through prevention of the aversive stimulus. 
D) reinforcement of the avoidance response through fear reduction. 
A) reinforcement of the escape response through termination of fear. 
B) punishment of the escape response through presentation of the aversive stimulus. 
C) reinforcement of the avoidance response through prevention of the aversive stimulus. 
D) reinforcement of the avoidance response through fear reduction.

Question 17

Bechterev had human subjects place their fingers on a shock plate, signaled with a warning CS, and then delivered a brief shock.He noticed that after a few trials, subjects were lifting their fingers from the plate in response to the CS, thus reducing the shock US.This experiment is best characterized as an investigation of

Accepted Answer

A) aversive classical conditioning mechanisms. 
B) passive avoidance. 
C) active avoidance. 
D) omission conditioning. 
A) aversive classical conditioning mechanisms. 
B) passive avoidance. 
C) active avoidance. 
D) omission conditioning.

Question 18

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are species specific defense reactions and...

Question 19

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment, punishment results in response suppression because

Accepted Answer

A) subjects learn to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response. 
B) subjects make avoidance responses that compete with the target response. 
C) punishment weakens the association between the eliciting stimulus and the target response. 
D) pre-response cues elicit fear reactions that are incompatible with the target response. 
A) subjects learn to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response. 
B) subjects make avoidance responses that compete with the target response. 
C) punishment weakens the association between the eliciting stimulus and the target response. 
D) pre-response cues elicit fear reactions that are incompatible with the target response.

Question 20

According to the safety-signal hypothesis, serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal cues of the S-S interval 
B) response associated feedback cues 
C) CS associated feedback cues 
D) US associated feedback cues 
A) temporal cues of the S-S interval 
B) response associated feedback cues 
C) CS associated feedback cues 
D) US associated feedback cues

Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures.

The first component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

What is the fundamental problem in the analysis of avoidance behavior, and how is this problem resolved by two- process theory?

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

In a flooding procedure, the subject is

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades.He studies long into the night.When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes.Your roommate is a believer in

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment, you should

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior.

As avoidance training continues, fear of the avoidance CS

Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance accounts for the behavior that develops in avoidance training.

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present, the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment, punishment results in response suppression because

According to the safety-signal hypothesis, serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition Ii

Filters

Exam 10: Averse Control

Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures.

The first component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

What is the fundamental problem in the analysis of avoidance behavior, and how is this problem resolved by two- process theory?

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

In a flooding procedure, the subject is

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades.He studies long into the night.When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes.Your roommate is a believer in

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment, you should

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Describe factors that enhance the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior.

As avoidance training continues, fear of the avoidance CS

Explain how the two-process theory of avoidance accounts for the behavior that develops in avoidance training.

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present, the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment, punishment results in response suppression because

According to the safety-signal hypothesis, serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition Ii

Filters