Question 1

Behavioral trends in primate evolution include

Accepted Answer

A)  longer life spans. 
B)  a longer learning period and dependence on parents. 
C)  a lower reproductive rate. 
D)  longer periods between pregnancies. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  longer life spans. 
B)  a longer learning period and dependence on parents. 
C)  a lower reproductive rate. 
D)  longer periods between pregnancies. 
E)  all of these.

Question 2

When comparing the gene coding for cytochrome c in several species, it was noted that humans and chimpanzees share the identical amino acid sequence with a change in only one location. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans and chimpanzees can mate and produce viable offspring. 
B)  humans evolved from chimpanzees. 
C)  over time, chimpanzees will eventually evolve into primitive humans. 
D)  humans and chimpanzees are closely related in evolutionary time. 
E)  there is nothing particularly informative about this discovery. 
A)  humans and chimpanzees can mate and produce viable offspring. 
B)  humans evolved from chimpanzees. 
C)  over time, chimpanzees will eventually evolve into primitive humans. 
D)  humans and chimpanzees are closely related in evolutionary time. 
E)  there is nothing particularly informative about this discovery.

Question 3

Darwin spent five years doing research while sailing aboard the

Accepted Answer

A)  H.M.S. Pinafore. 
B)  H.M.S. Beagle. 
C)  H.M.S. Hood. 
D)  H.M.S. Constitution. 
E)  H.M.S. Howe. 
A)  H.M.S. Pinafore. 
B)  H.M.S. Beagle. 
C)  H.M.S. Hood. 
D)  H.M.S. Constitution. 
E)  H.M.S. Howe.

Question 4

Which of the following is most inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  family 
B)  phylum 
C)  species 
D)  class 
E)  order 
A)  family 
B)  phylum 
C)  species 
D)  class 
E)  order

Question 5

Fossils suggest that the first primates resembled

Accepted Answer

A)  the great apes. 
B)  spider monkeys. 
C)  bats. 
D)  horses. 
E)  small rodents. 
A)  the great apes. 
B)  spider monkeys. 
C)  bats. 
D)  horses. 
E)  small rodents.

Question 6

By 36 million years ago, tree-dwelling primates called anthropoids evolved

Accepted Answer

A)  in tropical forests. 
B)  in temperate savanna and grassland habitats. 
C)  near rivers, lakes, and streams in the East African Rift Valley. 
D)  in caves with abundant supplies of insects. 
E)  all over the world. 
A)  in tropical forests. 
B)  in temperate savanna and grassland habitats. 
C)  near rivers, lakes, and streams in the East African Rift Valley. 
D)  in caves with abundant supplies of insects. 
E)  all over the world.

Question 7

The buildup of genetic differences between isolated populations is

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic equilibrium. 
C)  divergence. 
D)  adaptation. 
E)  natural selection. 
A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic equilibrium. 
C)  divergence. 
D)  adaptation. 
E)  natural selection.

Question 8

The convergence in external morphology of dolphins and tuna is attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced genetic variability in these groups. 
B)  selection pressures that are common to these groups. 
C)  reproductive isolation of these groups. 
D)  identical genes in all three groups. 
E)  genetic mutation. 
A)  reduced genetic variability in these groups. 
B)  selection pressures that are common to these groups. 
C)  reproductive isolation of these groups. 
D)  identical genes in all three groups. 
E)  genetic mutation.

Question 9

Bipedalism was made possible by

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of the foramen magnum to the base of the skull. 
B)  position and shape of the knee. 
C)  position and shape of the ankle joints. 
D)  position and shape of the pelvic girdle. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  movement of the foramen magnum to the base of the skull. 
B)  position and shape of the knee. 
C)  position and shape of the ankle joints. 
D)  position and shape of the pelvic girdle. 
E)  all of these.

Question 10

The introduction of a small population onto an island that results in a different gene pool from the original source is explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  the Hardy-Weinberg law. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  the bottleneck effect. 
D)  the founder effect. 
E)  the effect of genetic isolation. 
A)  the Hardy-Weinberg law. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  the bottleneck effect. 
D)  the founder effect. 
E)  the effect of genetic isolation.

Question 11

Which of the following has been used to measure more precisely the relatedness of primates?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  blood type 
C)  family trees 
D)  convergence 
E)  fossils 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  blood type 
C)  family trees 
D)  convergence 
E)  fossils

Question 12

The movement of plates of the Earth's crust is

Accepted Answer

A)  plate tectonics. 
B)  plate dynamics. 
C)  plate mechanics. 
D)  plate kinetics. 
E)  plate motility. 
A)  plate tectonics. 
B)  plate dynamics. 
C)  plate mechanics. 
D)  plate kinetics. 
E)  plate motility.

Question 13

The process that probably accounts for most changes in the mix of alleles in a gene pool is

Accepted Answer

A)  cloning. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  genetic drift. 
A)  cloning. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  genetic drift.

Question 14

Explanations for mass extinction include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  collisions between the earth and other bodies in the solar system. 
B)  continental movements. 
C)  adaptive radiation of new predator species in many lineages. 
D)  alterations in sea level. 
E)  habitat destruction. 
A)  collisions between the earth and other bodies in the solar system. 
B)  continental movements. 
C)  adaptive radiation of new predator species in many lineages. 
D)  alterations in sea level. 
E)  habitat destruction.

Question 15

The only taxonomic category in which evolution can occur is the

Accepted Answer

A)  genus. 
B)  species. 
C)  kingdom. 
D)  family. 
E)  class. 
A)  genus. 
B)  species. 
C)  kingdom. 
D)  family. 
E)  class.

Question 16

Macroevolution is change among

Accepted Answer

A)  groups of species. 
B)  individuals of one species. 
C)  individuals of several species. 
D)  groups of populations. 
E)  groups of individuals of several populations. 
A)  groups of species. 
B)  individuals of one species. 
C)  individuals of several species. 
D)  groups of populations. 
E)  groups of individuals of several populations.

Question 17

All of the following are components of Darwin's principle of natural selection EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  new alleles are constantly produced through mutation. 
B)  populations exhibit great variation. 
C)  organisms produce more offspring than can be sustained by the environment. 
D)  over time, adaptive phenotypes increase in frequency within a population. 
E)  variation can be inherited. 
A)  new alleles are constantly produced through mutation. 
B)  populations exhibit great variation. 
C)  organisms produce more offspring than can be sustained by the environment. 
D)  over time, adaptive phenotypes increase in frequency within a population. 
E)  variation can be inherited.

Question 18

There have been experiments performed that simulate early Earth conditions. These experiments most likely demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA forms readily and reproduces itself. 
B)  many of the lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleotides required for life can form under abiotic conditions. 
C)  complete, functioning prokaryotic cells are formed after approximately three months. 
D)  a lipid-protein film will eventually be formed by thermal convection. 
E)  oxygen was present in large amounts. 
A)  DNA forms readily and reproduces itself. 
B)  many of the lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleotides required for life can form under abiotic conditions. 
C)  complete, functioning prokaryotic cells are formed after approximately three months. 
D)  a lipid-protein film will eventually be formed by thermal convection. 
E)  oxygen was present in large amounts.

Question 19

Fossils would include

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletons. 
B)  shells. 
C)  seeds. 
D)  tracks. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  skeletons. 
B)  shells. 
C)  seeds. 
D)  tracks. 
E)  all of these.

Question 20

In the evolution of the arboreal primates, which of the following features would NOT be an important evolutionary advancement?

Accepted Answer

A)  opposable thumbs 
B)  enhanced daytime vision 
C)  elongated snout with well-developed sense of smell 
D)  the ability to see in color 
E)  a brain with a well-developed ability to judge distances and with the ability to quickly compensate for misjudgments 
A)  opposable thumbs 
B)  enhanced daytime vision 
C)  elongated snout with well-developed sense of smell 
D)  the ability to see in color 
E)  a brain with a well-developed ability to judge distances and with the ability to quickly compensate for misjudgments

Exam 23: Principles of Evolution

Behavioral trends in primate evolution include

When comparing the gene coding for cytochrome c in several species, it was noted that humans and chimpanzees share the identical amino acid sequence with a change in only one location. This means that

Darwin spent five years doing research while sailing aboard the

Which of the following is most inclusive?

Fossils suggest that the first primates resembled

By 36 million years ago, tree-dwelling primates called anthropoids evolved

The buildup of genetic differences between isolated populations is

The convergence in external morphology of dolphins and tuna is attributed to

Bipedalism was made possible by

The introduction of a small population onto an island that results in a different gene pool from the original source is explained by

Which of the following has been used to measure more precisely the relatedness of primates?

The movement of plates of the Earth's crust is

The process that probably accounts for most changes in the mix of alleles in a gene pool is

Explanations for mass extinction include all of the following EXCEPT

The only taxonomic category in which evolution can occur is the

Macroevolution is change among

All of the following are components of Darwin's principle of natural selection EXCEPT that

There have been experiments performed that simulate early Earth conditions. These experiments most likely demonstrated that

Fossils would include

In the evolution of the arboreal primates, which of the following features would NOT be an important evolutionary advancement?

Learning About Human Biology

Chemistry of Life

Cells and How They Work

Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Circulation: the Heart and Blood Vessels

Blood

Immunity and Disease

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

The Urinary System

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Reproductive Systems

Development and Aging

Cell Reproduction

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA, Genes, and Biotechnology

Genes and Disease: Cancer

Principles of Ecology

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

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