Exam 10: Animal Sensory Perception, Integration, and Movement

Place the following in order from smallest to largest.

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. In comparing male and female black widows, which has the larger surface-to-volume ratio?

If a toxin blocks the receptors for the neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic muscle cell, ___________.

A person that suffered a stroke has no problems with his memory or with speech, but his movement is uncoordinated and he is having problems with balance when standing up and walking. What portion of the brain likely received the most damage?

Which of the following is in the correct order from smallest to largest structures?

Among invertebrates, increased speed along the axon is brought about by increasing the diameter of the axon. Among vertebrates, this same function (increased speed) is brought about by ____________________.

When an axon is at rest, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. To approach females, male spiders plug the web of the female to alert her to their presence and to communicate that they are a potential mate rather than a prey item. This type of communication involves __________.

An action potential occurs in the postsynaptic muscle cell when _____________.

You get up in the middle of the night to get a drink of water and stub your left toe on the dresser. You reach down to rub your toe with your right hand. The sensory input from this activity is received by the __________ side of the brain, and the motor output involved with rubbing your toe is controlled by the __________ side of the brain.

If you closed your eyes, you would still be able to write your name on a piece of paper. Which receptors are most involved with this activity?

In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, a person's immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath cells. What occurs as a result of the destruction of these cells?

If you touch a hot pan while cooking, this is detected by __________, and the smell of the cooking food is detected by __________.

Rattlesnakes strike and inject venom into prey and then release the prey item and follow it until the venom takes its effect. Typically, rattlesnakes strike at the base of the skull, and their strike accuracy is very high. Because the brain is very active, it produces a lot of heat, and this is detected by the snakes with __________ located in pit organs on the anterior region of the head.

__________ are the structural and functional units of the nervous system.

Place the following statements in the correct order of occurrence. i.     calcium released from endoplasmic membrane ii.action potential reaches axon terminal iii.myosin head binds to actin iv.neurotransmitter binds to receptors

Which of the following is(are) associated with balance?

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

If you have eaten chicken, you know that it is composed of both "light" and "dark" meat. The light-colored flesh associated with the flight muscles indicates that it __________.

Which of the following organisms would likely have the most complex nervous system?