Exam 18: Patterns of Inheritance

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. A young boy has DMD. What do you know about his parents?

Has this cell undergone meiosis?

If this is a cell in your body where the letter "P" represents some trait,

If a particular trait has three phenotypes and one phenotype represents an intermediate, this trait displays __________.

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. A woman has six fingers, but one of her parents has five fingers. She marries a man who has five fingers. What is the probability that they will have a child who has five fingers?

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. A woman has six fingers, but one of her parents has five fingers. What is the genotype of the woman?

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. If a person has five fingers, his genotype is _____.

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. The majority of the human population is __________ for this trait.

Genes are expressed as functional and structural __________.

Reduced health and vigor as a result of breeding related individuals is called __________.

Some chickens have a dominant frizzle gene that leads to the development of feathers that curl outward rather than lying flat against their bodies as in standard chickens. Aside from these "frizzled feathers," chickens with this dominant allele also tend to have higher metabolic rates and produce fewer eggs than chickens that carry the recessive version of this gene. Thus, this gene exhibits __________.

What was the major contribution of Gregor Mendel?

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. If a person has six fingers, her genotype is _____.

The diploid number for this cell is __________.

A person with which of the following blood types is a universal donor who can donate blood to anyone with any other blood type?

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. The protein dystrophin is produced ____________________.

A Norfolk chicken has feathers that have an overall gray appearance, but if you look at an individual feather, it is either black or white. Feather color in these birds is expressed as __________.

Which of the following is most closely related to chimpanzees and humans?

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. In producing the protein dystrophin, DNA is __________ to RNA and then __________ to a protein in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Green seed color is dominant over yellow seed color. If a plant produces gametes with only yellow seed color, which of the following must be true?