Exam 10: Islam
Identify and briefly describe each of the Five Pillars of Islam.
The Five Pillars of Islam are the five basic acts of worship that are considered mandatory for all Muslims to follow. They are:
1. Shahada: This is the declaration of faith, where a person publicly proclaims their belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad.
2. Salah: This refers to the ritual prayers that Muslims are required to perform five times a day, facing the Kaaba in Mecca.
3. Zakat: This is the obligation for Muslims to give a portion of their wealth to those in need, typically 2.5% of their savings and assets.
4. Sawm: This is the fasting during the month of Ramadan, where Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset.
5. Hajj: This is the pilgrimage to Mecca that every Muslim who is physically and financially able is required to undertake at least once in their lifetime.
These Five Pillars serve as the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice, and are essential to their spiritual and moral development.
Identify and describe the symbol used by Seyyed Hussein Nasr to depict the relationship between the Shari'a (law) and the Tariqah (way).
Seyyed Hussein Nasr uses the symbol of a tree to depict the relationship between the Shari'a (law) and the Tariqah (way). In this symbol, the Shari'a is represented by the roots of the tree, providing a strong foundation and stability. The Tariqah, on the other hand, is represented by the branches and leaves of the tree, symbolizing growth, flexibility, and spiritual nourishment. This symbol illustrates how the Shari'a provides the essential framework and guidance for the Tariqah to flourish and reach its full potential, while the Tariqah, in turn, brings vitality and depth to the practice of the Shari'a. Overall, the tree symbol conveys the interconnected and complementary nature of the Shari'a and Tariqah in the Islamic tradition.
Briefly describe the primary challenges that modern education has brought to Islam.
Before the revelations of the Prophet Muhammad, Arabs had no belief in deities.
Identify and briefly describe the four main schools of Shari'a interpretation, including which dimension of Shari'a is emphasized by each.
The most famous building for outsiders in India, the Taj Mahal, was built by a Muslim ruler for his beloved wife.
Participation in the Hajj is open to all -- Muslim and non-Muslim alike.
In Muslim tradition, the Ka'bah was built by Abraham and Ishmael.
Describe the main difference between Sunni and Shi'ite views of the role of the imam in Muslim life.
Muslims believe that divine judgment after death leads either to heaven or to hell.
Briefly describe what is known about the Prophet's attitude toward women.
Identify and describe in detail what was considered to be the most valuable social and political asset of seventh century Mecca. Include to whom, why, and how this asset was important.
Identify the two aspects of Christian doctrine with which Muslim beliefs conflict most. Include reasons why they conflict.
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