Question 1

____________________ is a belief system where Catholic saints are equated to Orista spirits.

Accepted Answer

Santería

Question 2

Term for identification: Toussaint L'Ouverture

Accepted Answer

Toussaint L'Ouverture, whose full name was François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, was a prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. Born into slavery on May 20, 1743, in Saint-Domingue, which is modern-day Haiti, he played a crucial role in the struggle to abolish slavery and secure independence from French colonial rule for the island.

L'Ouverture was known for his military and political acumen. He initially joined the revolt against the plantation system in Saint-Domingue in 1791 and quickly rose through the ranks due to his leadership abilities and strategic thinking. By 1793, he had become a commander in the revolutionary forces. His leadership was instrumental in the success of the rebellion, which led to the abolition of slavery in the colony.

In 1801, L'Ouverture promulgated an autonomous constitution for the colony, which established himself as governor for life. He worked to restore the economy and reestablish agricultural production, aiming to improve the conditions for the newly freed population.

However, his reign came to an abrupt end when Napoleon Bonaparte sent a large expeditionary force to restore French authority and reinstate slavery. L'Ouverture was captured in 1802, deported to France, and imprisoned in the Joux Fortress. He died on April 7, 1803, due to the harsh conditions and possibly tuberculosis.

Despite his death, the revolution continued, and in 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, one of L'Ouverture's generals, declared the independence of Haiti. Toussaint L'Ouverture is remembered as a symbol of the fight for liberty and equality, and he is celebrated as one of the fathers of Haitian independence. His legacy is honored not only in Haiti but also in the broader context of the struggle against slavery and colonialism worldwide.

Question 3

Term for identification: criollos

Accepted Answer

The term "criollos" refers to a social class that was prominent in the colonial social hierarchy in Spanish America and the Spanish Philippines. Criollos were locally born people of pure or mostly Spanish ancestry. In the context of the Spanish Empire, they were distinguished from the peninsulares, who were Spaniards born in Spain (the Iberian Peninsula), and from the indigenous peoples, Africans, and people of mixed ancestry.

During the colonial period, criollos were often well-off, owning land and having political influence, but they were typically ranked below the peninsulares in the social hierarchy. This distinction led to tensions and contributed to the independence movements in the 19th century, as criollos played a significant role in the fight for independence from Spain in various Latin American countries.

After independence, the term continued to be used, but its meaning evolved to refer more broadly to people of European descent or to the culture that emerged from the blending of European and local traditions in the former Spanish colonies.

Question 4

After conquering the Aztecs in 1521, Cortés began the construction of ____________________ with stone from destroyed pyramids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After conquering the Aztecs in 1521, Cortés...

Question 5

Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese experience in the Americas including economic, political, and contact with native populations. Justify your answer with examples.

Accepted Answer

Answers would include a discus

Question 6

How did some of the Amerindians deal with the coming of Christianity in relation to many of their native practices and beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A) They abandoned their old beliefs to embrace Christianity completely. 
B) They blended the various religions to produce a mixture of different belief systems. 
C) They rejected any encroachments by the Christian faith. 
D) They had the Jesuits expelled from their native homelands. 
E) They used violence and burned churches to deter Christian conversions. 
A) They abandoned their old beliefs to embrace Christianity completely. 
B) They blended the various religions to produce a mixture of different belief systems. 
C) They rejected any encroachments by the Christian faith. 
D) They had the Jesuits expelled from their native homelands. 
E) They used violence and burned churches to deter Christian conversions.

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT a reform instituted by Charles III?

Accepted Answer

A) a form of free trade 
B) increased collection of taxes 
C) free public education 
D) a new system of government administration 
E) a strengthened navy and military 
A) a form of free trade 
B) increased collection of taxes 
C) free public education 
D) a new system of government administration 
E) a strengthened navy and military

Question 8

Term for identification: Túpac Amaru II

Accepted Answer

Túpac Amaru II, whose birth name was Jos

Question 9

Where did the rebellion by the Túpac Amaru take place?

Accepted Answer

A) Mexico 
B) Saint Domingue 
C) Cuba 
D) Haiti 
E) Peru 
A) Mexico 
B) Saint Domingue 
C) Cuba 
D) Haiti 
E) Peru

Question 10

Which of the following is true of Portuguese colonization?

Accepted Answer

A) The colonial settlers arrived as a family unit. 
B) The colony had a built-in labor source. 
C) The land was ripe with natural resources and precious metals. 
D) The region was gradually colonized by merchants and farmers. 
E) The region was swiftly colonized by conquistadors and aristocrats. 
A) The colonial settlers arrived as a family unit. 
B) The colony had a built-in labor source. 
C) The land was ripe with natural resources and precious metals. 
D) The region was gradually colonized by merchants and farmers. 
E) The region was swiftly colonized by conquistadors and aristocrats.

Question 11

Term for identification: cabildos

Accepted Answer

The term "cabildos" refers to a form of

Question 12

Which of these took place under the leadership of King Charles III?

Accepted Answer

A) The military and the navy were neglected. 
B) Jesuit missionaries were banished from the empire. 
C) The four Spanish American viceroyalties were reduced to two. 
D) Smuggling increased. 
E) Officials began to be selected from criollos more often. 
A) The military and the navy were neglected. 
B) Jesuit missionaries were banished from the empire. 
C) The four Spanish American viceroyalties were reduced to two. 
D) Smuggling increased. 
E) Officials began to be selected from criollos more often.

Question 13

What was the driving motivation of the early Spanish explorations in the Caribbean?

Accepted Answer

A) the European need for markets 
B) the Spanish search for resources 
C) the explorers search for treasure 
D) the desire for farm land 
E) the desire to expand their world empire 
A) the European need for markets 
B) the Spanish search for resources 
C) the explorers search for treasure 
D) the desire for farm land 
E) the desire to expand their world empire

Question 14

____________________ was a colonial port city that flotillas loaded with bullion departed from yearly to return to Spain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ was a colonial port city that...

Question 15

Which of the following was most descriptive of situations for women in the Spanish colonies?

Accepted Answer

A) Women were viewed as morally inferior and not allowed to join the Church. 
B) Women were believed to be highly intelligent and therefore highly educated. 
C) Women were restricted in public but allowed freedom to read whatever they chose in private. 
D) Women were to be protected and proper at all times. 
E) Women were denied legal status and expected to obey male relatives. 
A) Women were viewed as morally inferior and not allowed to join the Church. 
B) Women were believed to be highly intelligent and therefore highly educated. 
C) Women were restricted in public but allowed freedom to read whatever they chose in private. 
D) Women were to be protected and proper at all times. 
E) Women were denied legal status and expected to obey male relatives.

Question 16

Through what port in Spain did nearly all of the early trade to and from Spanish America flow?

Accepted Answer

A) Acapulco 
B) Barcelona 
C) Valencia 
D) Seville 
E) Cadiz 
A) Acapulco 
B) Barcelona 
C) Valencia 
D) Seville 
E) Cadiz

Question 17

What was the result when local Indians were rounded up and moved into Spanish towns?

Accepted Answer

A) They refused to the point of death converting to Christianity. 
B) They often became victims of the Inquisition. 
C) They learned to read and write and began to assimilate into the dominant society. 
D) They were sometimes captured and taken as slaves to the plantations of Brazil. 
E) They were treated as perpetual children, and so were taught Christianity and handcrafts. 
A) They refused to the point of death converting to Christianity. 
B) They often became victims of the Inquisition. 
C) They learned to read and write and began to assimilate into the dominant society. 
D) They were sometimes captured and taken as slaves to the plantations of Brazil. 
E) They were treated as perpetual children, and so were taught Christianity and handcrafts.

Question 18

Who advocated for the importation of African slaves as a labor source for colonial Hispanic America?

Accepted Answer

A) the Church 
B) the crown 
C) the peninsulars 
D) the crillos 
E) the Amerindians 
A) the Church 
B) the crown 
C) the peninsulars 
D) the crillos 
E) the Amerindians

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the viceroys of Spain and Peru?

Accepted Answer

A) They were criollos who were capable administrators. 
B) The viceroys were always Iberian born. 
C) They could be mestizos or criollos. 
D) They ruled as autonomous governors. 
E) The viceroys could be Amerindian royalty. 
A) They were criollos who were capable administrators. 
B) The viceroys were always Iberian born. 
C) They could be mestizos or criollos. 
D) They ruled as autonomous governors. 
E) The viceroys could be Amerindian royalty.

Question 20

Haitian slaves gained freedom after a revolt led by ____________________, an ex-slave.

Accepted Answer

Toussaint

Exam 28: From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

____________________ is a belief system where Catholic saints are equated to Orista spirits.

Term for identification: Toussaint L'Ouverture

Term for identification: criollos

After conquering the Aztecs in 1521, Cortés began the construction of ____________________ with stone from destroyed pyramids.

Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese experience in the Americas including economic, political, and contact with native populations. Justify your answer with examples.

How did some of the Amerindians deal with the coming of Christianity in relation to many of their native practices and beliefs?

Which of the following was NOT a reform instituted by Charles III?

Term for identification: Túpac Amaru II

Where did the rebellion by the Túpac Amaru take place?

Which of the following is true of Portuguese colonization?

Term for identification: cabildos

Which of these took place under the leadership of King Charles III?

What was the driving motivation of the early Spanish explorations in the Caribbean?

____________________ was a colonial port city that flotillas loaded with bullion departed from yearly to return to Spain.

Which of the following was most descriptive of situations for women in the Spanish colonies?

Through what port in Spain did nearly all of the early trade to and from Spanish America flow?

What was the result when local Indians were rounded up and moved into Spanish towns?

Who advocated for the importation of African slaves as a labor source for colonial Hispanic America?

Which of the following is true of the viceroys of Spain and Peru?

Haitian slaves gained freedom after a revolt led by ____________________, an ex-slave.

The Earliest Human Societies

Mesopotamia

Early Africa and Egypt

Central Asia and Indias Beginnings

New Civilizations and Empires in Western and Central Asia

Ancient China to 221 Bce

The Settlement of the Americas and the Pacific Islands

The Greek Adventure

Greek Humanism, 800-100 Bce

Rome From City-State to Empire

The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity in the West, 31 Bce -800 Ce

Iran, India, and Global Trade

Imperial China in Its Golden Age

The Americas to the Fifteenth Century

Islam

Mature Islamic Society and the First Global Civilization

Africa From Axum to 1400

The Mongols Unify Eurasia

Japan and Southeast Asia

The European Middle Ages, C 800-1500

The Late European Middle Ages and the Renaissance

A Larger World Opens

Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

The Gunpowder Empires of Western and Southern Asia

Africa in the Era of Expansion

China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Japan and Southeast Asia in the Era of European Expansion

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