Question 1

Eyewitness identifications are almost always rejected by the courts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Identify the two steps in the totality of circumstances due process test of admissibility of eyewitness identification created by SCOTUS. Identify and describe the five circumstances in the totality of circumstances due process test that you identified.

Accepted Answer

The SCOTUS test for determining whether a particular identification procedure has violated due process requires that the defendant prove by a preponderance of the evidence the following: ​ 
(1)The identification procedure was unnecessarily and impermissibly suggestive. ​ 
(2)The totality of circumstances proves that the procedures created a very substantial likelihood of misidentification. ​ Five circumstances (factors)make up the "totality of circumstances" under the due process test: ​ 
(1)witness's opportunity to view defendants at the time of the crime ​ 
(2)witness's degree of attention at the time of the crime ​ 
(3)witness's accuracy of description of defendants before the identification ​ 
(4)witness's level of certainty when identifying defendants at the identification ​ 
(5)the length of time between the crime and the identification procedure

Question 3

A person running an identification procedure who does not know the suspect is called a(n)_______________ _______________.

Accepted Answer

blind administrator

Question 4

Identification of a single suspect by a witness is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a lineup. 
B) a photo array. 
C) a show-up. 
D) an in-court identification. 
A) a lineup. 
B) a photo array. 
C) a show-up. 
D) an in-court identification.

Question 5

Forensic science has almost no shortcomings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In State v. Long (1986), the Court ruled that trial courts have to give jurors what type of instruction, explaining the weaknesses of eyewitness identification evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) cautionary 
B) identification 
C) objective 
D) evidentiary 
A) cautionary 
B) identification 
C) objective 
D) evidentiary

Question 7

The composition of the lineup and the _______________ given prior to the lineup influence identifications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The composition of the lineup and the...

Question 8

Discuss the importance of pre-lineup instructions for identification procedures using lineups.

Accepted Answer

Suggestion is particularly powerful, and

Question 9

Examine the reforms that legal experts suggest courts can implement to improve eyewitness identification reliability.

Accepted Answer

The following are reforms that legal exp

Question 10

The case of Manson v. Braithwaite (1977)addressed issues related to what type of eyewitness identification?

Accepted Answer

A) lineups 
B) photo lineups 
C) accidental show-ups 
D) show-ups 
A) lineups 
B) photo lineups 
C) accidental show-ups 
D) show-ups

Question 11

Best guesses indicate that eyewitness misidentifications account for what percentage of wrongful convictions of persons eventually exonerated by DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 percent 
B) 25 percent 
C) 75 percent 
D) 90 percent 
A) 10 percent 
B) 25 percent 
C) 75 percent 
D) 90 percent

Question 12

Research shows that jurors:

Accepted Answer

A) tend to overestimate the accuracy of a witness's lineup identification. 
B) tend to question the accuracy of eyewitness identification. 
C) understand the problems involved in administering identification procedures. 
D) are aware of the research about eyewitness identification. 
A) tend to overestimate the accuracy of a witness's lineup identification. 
B) tend to question the accuracy of eyewitness identification. 
C) understand the problems involved in administering identification procedures. 
D) are aware of the research about eyewitness identification.

Question 13

An identification procedure in which a witness is shown multiple photographs is called a(n)_______________ _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An identification procedure in which a witness...

Question 14

Over time, memory:

Accepted Answer

A) fades, and witnesses recognize this problem. 
B) fades, but witnesses develop greater confidence about their recall ability. 
C) improves, but witnesses do not have confidence in this fact. 
D) improves, and witnesses recognize this fact. 
A) fades, and witnesses recognize this problem. 
B) fades, but witnesses develop greater confidence about their recall ability. 
C) improves, but witnesses do not have confidence in this fact. 
D) improves, and witnesses recognize this fact.

Question 15

To exclude identification evidence on due process grounds, defendants have to prove (by a preponderance of the evidence)that the totality of the circumstances shows the identification procedure to have been unnecessarily suggestive and that this unnecessarily suggestive procedure created:

Accepted Answer

A) some slight likelihood of misidentification. 
B) a very substantial likelihood of misidentification. 
C) an almost guaranteed likelihood of misidentification. 
D) harm to the defendant. 
A) some slight likelihood of misidentification. 
B) a very substantial likelihood of misidentification. 
C) an almost guaranteed likelihood of misidentification. 
D) harm to the defendant.

Question 16

Which of the following is not of one Wisconsin's recommendations for improving police lineups?

Accepted Answer

A) Present the suspect and the fillers simultaneously. 
B) Instruct eyewitnesses that the real criminal may or may not be present in the lineup. 
C) Use a "double blind" procedure. 
D) Use fillers that will minimize any suggestiveness that might indicate the suspect. 
A) Present the suspect and the fillers simultaneously. 
B) Instruct eyewitnesses that the real criminal may or may not be present in the lineup. 
C) Use a "double blind" procedure. 
D) Use fillers that will minimize any suggestiveness that might indicate the suspect.

Question 17

Suggestion is particularly powerful during the retention phase of memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Suggestive lineups:

Accepted Answer

A) lead to automatic exclusion of the resulting identification. 
B) are always questioned by the trial judge. 
C) give rise always to a substantial likelihood of misidentification. 
D) do not lead to automatic exclusion of the resulting identification. 
A) lead to automatic exclusion of the resulting identification. 
B) are always questioned by the trial judge. 
C) give rise always to a substantial likelihood of misidentification. 
D) do not lead to automatic exclusion of the resulting identification.

Question 19

Discuss what psychologists know about the confidence eyewitnesses have in their identifications and how that confidence will impact a case.

Accepted Answer

Studies show that eyewitnesses certainty

Question 20

What type of research consists of analysis of real procedures used in actual criminal cases?

Accepted Answer

A) quantitative research 
B) experimental research 
C) archival research 
D) ex post facto research 
A) quantitative research 
B) experimental research 
C) archival research 
D) ex post facto research

Eyewitness identifications are almost always rejected by the courts.

Identify the two steps in the totality of circumstances due process test of admissibility of eyewitness identification created by SCOTUS. Identify and describe the five circumstances in the totality of circumstances due process test that you identified.

A person running an identification procedure who does not know the suspect is called a(n)_ _.

Identification of a single suspect by a witness is called:

Forensic science has almost no shortcomings.

In State v. Long (1986), the Court ruled that trial courts have to give jurors what type of instruction, explaining the weaknesses of eyewitness identification evidence?

The composition of the lineup and the _______________ given prior to the lineup influence identifications.

Discuss the importance of pre-lineup instructions for identification procedures using lineups.

Examine the reforms that legal experts suggest courts can implement to improve eyewitness identification reliability.

The case of Manson v. Braithwaite (1977)addressed issues related to what type of eyewitness identification?

Best guesses indicate that eyewitness misidentifications account for what percentage of wrongful convictions of persons eventually exonerated by DNA?

Research shows that jurors:

An identification procedure in which a witness is shown multiple photographs is called a(n)_ _.

Over time, memory:

To exclude identification evidence on due process grounds, defendants have to prove (by a preponderance of the evidence)that the totality of the circumstances shows the identification procedure to have been unnecessarily suggestive and that this unnecessarily suggestive procedure created:

Which of the following is not of one Wisconsin's recommendations for improving police lineups?

Suggestion is particularly powerful during the retention phase of memory.

Suggestive lineups:

Discuss what psychologists know about the confidence eyewitnesses have in their identifications and how that confidence will impact a case.

What type of research consists of analysis of real procedures used in actual criminal cases?

Criminal Procedure and the Constitution

Searches and Seizures

Stop and Frisk

Seizure of Persons Arrest

Searches for Evidence

Special Needs Searches

Self Incrimination

Remedies for Constitutional Violations I the Exclusionary Rule

Constitutional Violations II Other Remedies Against Official Misconduct

Court Proceedings I Before Trial

Court Proceedings II Trial and Conviction

After Conviction Sentencing Appeals and Habeas Corpus

Criminal Procedure in Times of Crisis

Filters

Exam 9: Identification Procedures

Eyewitness identifications are almost always rejected by the courts.

Identify the two steps in the totality of circumstances due process test of admissibility of eyewitness identification created by SCOTUS. Identify and describe the five circumstances in the totality of circumstances due process test that you identified.

A person running an identification procedure who does not know the suspect is called a(n)_______________ _______________.

Identification of a single suspect by a witness is called:

Forensic science has almost no shortcomings.

In State v. Long (1986), the Court ruled that trial courts have to give jurors what type of instruction, explaining the weaknesses of eyewitness identification evidence?

The composition of the lineup and the _______________ given prior to the lineup influence identifications.

Discuss the importance of pre-lineup instructions for identification procedures using lineups.

Examine the reforms that legal experts suggest courts can implement to improve eyewitness identification reliability.

The case of Manson v. Braithwaite (1977)addressed issues related to what type of eyewitness identification?

Best guesses indicate that eyewitness misidentifications account for what percentage of wrongful convictions of persons eventually exonerated by DNA?

Research shows that jurors:

An identification procedure in which a witness is shown multiple photographs is called a(n)_______________ _______________.

Over time, memory:

To exclude identification evidence on due process grounds, defendants have to prove (by a preponderance of the evidence)that the totality of the circumstances shows the identification procedure to have been unnecessarily suggestive and that this unnecessarily suggestive procedure created:

Which of the following is not of one Wisconsin's recommendations for improving police lineups?

Suggestion is particularly powerful during the retention phase of memory.

Suggestive lineups:

Discuss what psychologists know about the confidence eyewitnesses have in their identifications and how that confidence will impact a case.

What type of research consists of analysis of real procedures used in actual criminal cases?

Criminal Procedure and the Constitution

Searches and Seizures

Stop and Frisk

Seizure of Persons Arrest

Searches for Evidence

Special Needs Searches

Self Incrimination

Remedies for Constitutional Violations I the Exclusionary Rule

Constitutional Violations II Other Remedies Against Official Misconduct

Court Proceedings I Before Trial

Court Proceedings II Trial and Conviction

After Conviction Sentencing Appeals and Habeas Corpus

Criminal Procedure in Times of Crisis

Filters

A person running an identification procedure who does not know the suspect is called a(n)_ _.

An identification procedure in which a witness is shown multiple photographs is called a(n)_ _.