Exam 10: Reading and Writing Arguments

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure.  -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 According to other clues in the sentence, the phrase circadian rhythms means​

​ Straw man, red herring, and broad generalization are all types of

Which statement below is NOT a logical fallacy?​

A type of argument essay that introduces a problem and attempts to convince the reader to take a particular course of action is called a/an ______________________.​

​Because clarity is especially important in an argument essay, ambiguous language should be revised for clarity during the editing stage.

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure.  -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 In which paragraph does the author use expert opinion as a type of evidence?​

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure.  -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 The author uses all of the following types of support for his claim except​

Which of the following might be an effective way to open an argument essay?​

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure. -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 ​What is the author's main claim in this essay?

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure.  -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 An alternate title for the reading passage could be​

A main claim in an argument essay is made up of​

Looking at the graphic below of a student's plan for an argument essay, what would be the best statement to replace "X"? ​

The writer's personality and attitude toward the subject and the reader is known as​

What are the two ways that a strong argument may address opposing points of view?​

In the sentence below, to whom does the pronoun she refer? Amy asked Maria if she could run to the store.​

Which of the following statements best describes an argument essay?​

The most reliable type of evidence for an argument essay is opinion based, meaning it is tied to personal tastes and attitudes..​

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure.  -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 The author's voice can be described as​

Which answer below is NOT a component of an argument essay?​

Application of Skills Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 10 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage. ​Invisible Threat ¹Any electrically charged conductor generates two kinds of invisible fields: electric and magnetic. Together they're called electromagnetic fields (EMFs). For years, these fields, produced by household appliances, home wiring, lighting fixtures, electric blankets, and overhead power lines, were considered harmless. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a link between exposure to high-voltage lines and cancer (especially leukemia, a blood cancer) in electrical workers and children. ²Laboratory studies on animals have shown that alternating current, which changes strength and direction 60 times a second (and electrifies most of North America), emits EMFs that may interfere with the normal functioning of human cell membranes, which have their own electromagnetic fields. The result may be mood disorders, changes in circadian rhythms (our inner sense of time), miscarriage, developmental problems, or cancer. Researchers have documented increases in breast cancer deaths in women who worked as electrical engineers, electricians, or in other high-exposure jobs, and a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of leukemia and possibly brain cancer. ³The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences concluded that the evidence of a risk of cancer and other human disease from the electric and magnetic fields around power lines is "weak." This finding applies to the extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields surrounding both the big power lines that distribute power and the smaller but closer electric lines in homes and appliances. However, the researchers also noted that EMF exposure "cannot be recognized as entirely safe." Clearly, these invisible magnetic fields are more dangerous than we know, and we must stop being so complacent. We need to urge our congressmen to support research into the effects of electromagnetic fields and to propose stringent measures to keep us safe from this type of exposure.  -adapted from Hales, An Invitation to Health , p. 458 How does the author counter the opposing view?​