Exam 1: Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States

What set of codified laws was based on equal retaliation?

Among early societies, religious offenses were considered less dangerous than secular offenses.

What was the first American institution exclusively dedicated to the correction of felons?

What was the first prison in America?

Who worked to alleviate some of the abuses and improve sanitary conditions in correctional facilities?

What effects did the American Civil War have on prisons and offenders? How did these effects influence the industrial prison era?

Which is the correct timeline for the opening of early American prisons?

The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called corporal punishment.

The ______________ system was a prison model consisting of small individual cells, a large work area for group labor, and enforced silence.

The majority of offenders who had been subjected to transportation were male, skilled, and from the lower classes.

The Martinson Report argued that rehabilitation greatly reduced recidivism.

Prior to the Civil War, separate laws were required of free slaves and free men who turned criminal.

William Penn, and the Pennsylvania Quakers, created a body of laws called the __________.

__________ was/were a significant consequent of inmates incarcerated through the Pennsylvania system.

The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called _______________.

The prototype prison farm was in what state?

The two major competing concepts or systems of prison designs used within the United States for the majority of the 20th century were __________.

In the Roman Empire, a complete loss of citizenship and liberty, confiscation of property, and release of a spouse to remarry is called __________.

The brutalization hypothesis states the use of harsh punishments is an effective deterrent.

Explain the process that led to the development of crimes being an act in violation of a king or queen's authority.