Exam 7: File Handling and Applications

A ____ is a copy that is kept in case values need to be restored to their original state.

How are the keyboard and monitor used in most programming languages?

When you ____ a file, it is no longer available to your application.

____ applications require that a record be accessed immediately while a client is waiting.

You update the transaction file with data from the master file.

A(n)____________________ is a small unit of storage that, for example, holds only one character in a simple text file.

____ files involves combining two or more files while maintaining the sequential order of the records.

Explain the difference in how programmers use the words print , write , and display .

Characters are made up of smaller elements called ____.

Why might programmers use a control break program?

To write a program that produces a report of employees by department number, the records must be grouped by department number before you begin processing.

Describe what is required to merge more than two files.

In most programming languages, before an application can use a data file, it must ____.

Files in which records must be accessed immediately are sometimes called instant access files.

You can easily merge files even if each file contains a different record layout.

When businesses store data items on computer systems, they are often stored in a framework called the data ____________________ that describes the relationships between data components.

The saved version of a master file is the ____ file; the updated version is the child file.