Exam 9: Sustaining Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems

Managed grasslands or fenced meadows often planted with domesticated grasses or other forage crops such as alfalfa and clover are called ____________________.

Which type of forest is usually a reservoir of biodiversity?

A(n) ____________________ is a concentration of a particular wild aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water.

In Indonesia, Malaysia, and other areas of Southeast Asia, tropical forests are being replaced by large ____ plantations.

Explain why old-growth forests harbor so much more diversity than tree plantations.

Overfishing is an example of the tragedy of the commons.

Since we began burning fossil fuels in large quantities during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, there has been a ____ in the average acidity of surface ocean water.

__________________ burns are carefully planned and controlled intentional burns to remove flammable small trees and underbrush in forest areas.

How can a debt-for-nature swap help to preserve biodiversity?

____________________ contributes to the greenhouse effect by destroying plants that store carbon dioxide.

Old-growth forests provide homes for a wide range of animal species because they contain far more ecological ______ than a monoculture in a tree plantation.

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains a list of the conservation status of species, including which are endangered, called the ____________________ List.

Countries that are considered less-developed have more land that is protected from development than other countries, where development prevents the protection of land.

Old-growth forests are also known as ____.

Describe some of the effects of building roads into previously inaccessible forests.

Strip cutting of timber is a method of harvesting that ____.

You are the forest manager in a large tract of forest surrounding a lake resort town of 15,000 residents in the Adirondacks. Each year, over 200,000 vacationers visit and stay in this town for short periods of time. The forest around this resort and lake has become infested with a bark beetle that has caused the death of about 20-35% of the trees. Dead trees can be seen on the hills above the resort. The residents of this town are concerned about destructive crown fires that may threaten their lives or property. They have petitioned you as the forest manager to have the dead trees removed. They prefer to have this done by the quickest means possible. What information can you provide to the residents about sustainable forestry? How can tree removal be accomplished in a manner that is in line with sustainable forestry?

List two strategies for reducing fire-related harm to forests and to people who use or live in the forests.

Tropical forests in the Amazon and other South American countries are cleared or burned primarily ____.

What activity involves dragging huge nets weighted down with chains and steel plates over the ocean floor to harvest a few species of bottom fish and shellfish?