Exam 5: Looping

A Boolean expression is evaluated within every while loop to determine whether the loop body will execute.

Often, totals are ____; that is, summed one at a time in a loop.

When a loop might execute many times, it becomes increasingly important to consider the number of evaluations that take place. How can considering the order of evaluation of short-circuit operators affect the performance of a loop?

When loops are nested, each pair contains a(n) ____ loop and an outer loop.

The ____ loop checks a Boolean expression at the "bottom" of the loop after each repetition has occurred.

The ____ loop checks a Boolean expression at the "top" of the loop before the body has a chance to execute.

Many loop control variable values are altered by ____ (or adding to) them.

You can use a(n) ____________________ loop to execute a body of statements continuously as long as some condition continues to be true .

The expressions in each part of an AND or OR expression use ____ evaluation; that is, they are evaluated only as much as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false .

Event-driven GUI programs sometimes require fewer coded loops than their counterpart console applications because some events are determined by the ____ when the program is running.

The block of statements executed in a loop is known as the ____.

Briefly describe the structure of a for loop.

An accumulator variable must be set to ____ before it is used to accumulate a total.

When a variable is declared inside a loop, it can be referenced only for the duration of the loop body. Once the loop finishes execution, the variable is out of ____________________, which means it is not usable because it has ceased to exist.

With a ____ loop, you can indicate the starting value for the loop control variable, the test condition that controls loop entry, and the expression that alters the loop control variable, all in one convenient place.

Suppose a loop should execute while x is less than the sum of two integers, a and b . The loop could be written as: while (x // loop body Although this code fragment will run, it is not particularly efficient. In what way is it inefficient, and how could you improve the loop's performance?

A(n) ____ loop is one in which the loop control variable is tested after the loop body executes.

Why is it important to initialize an accumulator variable?

Often, the value of a loop control variable is not altered by arithmetic, but instead is altered by user input. This type of loop is a(n) ____ loop.

What are three common ways that the value of a loop control variable is changed during the loop's execution?