Question 1

The formula for relative risk is

Accepted Answer

A)  observed cases/expected cases 
B)  observed cases x expected cases 
C)  observed cases - expected cases 
D)  observed cases + expected cases 
A)  observed cases/expected cases 
B)  observed cases x expected cases 
C)  observed cases - expected cases 
D)  observed cases + expected cases A

Question 2

Which of the following models explain how age at the time of radiation exposure may influence the cancer risk estimate?

Accepted Answer

A)  relative or multiplicative risk model 
B)  absolute or additive risk model 
C)  relative or divisional risk model 
D)  absolute or subtractive risk model 
A)  relative or multiplicative risk model 
B)  absolute or additive risk model 
C)  relative or divisional risk model 
D)  absolute or subtractive risk model A

Question 3

Absolute risk states risk in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  observed cases/expected cases 
B)  observed cases - expected cases 
C)  number of cases/1 million persons/rad/year 
D)  number of cases/100 million person/rad/year 
A)  observed cases/expected cases 
B)  observed cases - expected cases 
C)  number of cases/1 million persons/rad/year 
D)  number of cases/100 million person/rad/year C

Question 4

The absolute risk for radiation-induced breast cancer is approximately _____ cases/1 million persons/rad/year.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  60 
C)  600 
D)  6,000 
A)  6 
B)  60 
C)  600 
D)  6,000

Question 5

The absolute risk for radiation-induced osteosarcoma is approximately _____ cases/1 million persons/rad/year.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.11 
B)  1.1 
C)  11 
D)  111 
A)  0.11 
B)  1.1 
C)  11 
D)  111

Question 6

Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold 
A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold

Question 7

Osteosarcoma follows which dose-response relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  linear, quadratic 
D)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  linear, quadratic 
D)  nonlinear, nonthreshold

Question 8

The dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate is the definition of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetically significant dose (GS
D)  
B)  doubling dose 
C)  organogenesis 
D)  stochastic 
A)  genetically significant dose (GS
D)  
B)  doubling dose 
C)  organogenesis 
D)  stochastic

Question 9

Radiation-induced leukemia is judged to be

Accepted Answer

A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold 
A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold

Question 10

Which of the following populations has not shown an increased incidence of radiation-induced leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  American radiographers 
B)  American radiologists 
C)  atomic bomb survivors 
D)  radiotherapy patients 
A)  American radiographers 
B)  American radiologists 
C)  atomic bomb survivors 
D)  radiotherapy patients

Question 11

The annual effective limit for the fetus of an occupational worker is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.005 rem 
B)  0.05 rem 
C)  0.5 rem 
D)  5.0 rem 
A)  0.005 rem 
B)  0.05 rem 
C)  0.5 rem 
D)  5.0 rem

Question 12

_____ is an average calculated from the gonadal dose received by the entire population.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetically significant dose (GS
D)  
B)  Doubling dose 
C)  Stochastic 
D)  Organogenesis 
A)  Genetically significant dose (GS
D)  
B)  Doubling dose 
C)  Stochastic 
D)  Organogenesis

Question 13

Radiation-induced malignancies include the following:
1. leukemia and skin carcinoma
2. thyroid and breast cancer
3. osteosarcoma
4. lung cancer

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3 and 4 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 14

Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is judged to be

Accepted Answer

A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold 
A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold

Question 15

Limitations on epidemiologic studies include the following:
1. failure to control experimental group for other known carcinogens
2. insufficient observation periods which permit full demonstration of cancers with long latent periods
3. using improper control groups
4. deficient or incorrect health records

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  2 only 
D)  1, 2, 3 and 4 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  2 only 
D)  1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely after irradiation in utero if the radiation is received during the organogenesis stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatal death 
B)  neonatal death 
C)  latent malignancies 
D)  congenital abnormalities 
A)  prenatal death 
B)  neonatal death 
C)  latent malignancies 
D)  congenital abnormalities

Question 17

Which of the following dose-response curves is utilized for radiation protection guidelines when estimating the overall cancer risk from diagnostic and occupational exposures?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold 
A)  linear, nonthreshold 
B)  linear, threshold 
C)  nonlinear, nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear, threshold

Question 18

Which of the following is defined as a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemiology 
B)  dose-response curve 
C)  relative risk 
D)  absolute risk 
A)  epidemiology 
B)  dose-response curve 
C)  relative risk 
D)  absolute risk

Question 19

When does the greatest radiation hazard to a fetus exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  first trimester 
B)  second trimester 
C)  third trimester 
D)  cannot be determined 
A)  first trimester 
B)  second trimester 
C)  third trimester 
D)  cannot be determined

Question 20

The formula excess risk is

Accepted Answer

A)  observed cases/expected cases 
B)  observed cases x expected cases 
C)  observed cases - expected cases 
D)  observed cases + expected cases 
A)  observed cases/expected cases 
B)  observed cases x expected cases 
C)  observed cases - expected cases 
D)  observed cases + expected cases

The formula for relative risk is

Which of the following models explain how age at the time of radiation exposure may influence the cancer risk estimate?

Absolute risk states risk in terms of

The absolute risk for radiation-induced breast cancer is approximately _____ cases/1 million persons/rad/year.

The absolute risk for radiation-induced osteosarcoma is approximately _____ cases/1 million persons/rad/year.

Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?

Osteosarcoma follows which dose-response relationship?

The dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate is the definition of

Radiation-induced leukemia is judged to be

Which of the following populations has not shown an increased incidence of radiation-induced leukemia?

The annual effective limit for the fetus of an occupational worker is

_____ is an average calculated from the gonadal dose received by the entire population.

Radiation-induced malignancies include the following: 1. leukemia and skin carcinoma 2. thyroid and breast cancer 3. osteosarcoma 4. lung cancer

Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is judged to be

Which of the following is most likely after irradiation in utero if the radiation is received during the organogenesis stage?

Which of the following dose-response curves is utilized for radiation protection guidelines when estimating the overall cancer risk from diagnostic and occupational exposures?

Which of the following is defined as a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population?

When does the greatest radiation hazard to a fetus exist?

The formula excess risk is

Radiobiology History

Cellular Anatomy and Physiology

Cellular Effects of Radiation

Effects of Initial Exposure to Radiation

Protection of Personnel

Protection of Patients

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Exam 5: Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Radiation

The formula for relative risk is

Which of the following models explain how age at the time of radiation exposure may influence the cancer risk estimate?

Absolute risk states risk in terms of

The absolute risk for radiation-induced breast cancer is approximately _____ cases/1 million persons/rad/year.

The absolute risk for radiation-induced osteosarcoma is approximately _____ cases/1 million persons/rad/year.

Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?

Osteosarcoma follows which dose-response relationship?

The dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate is the definition of

Radiation-induced leukemia is judged to be

Which of the following populations has not shown an increased incidence of radiation-induced leukemia?

The annual effective limit for the fetus of an occupational worker is

_____ is an average calculated from the gonadal dose received by the entire population.

Radiation-induced malignancies include the following: 1. leukemia and skin carcinoma 2. thyroid and breast cancer 3. osteosarcoma 4. lung cancer

Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is judged to be

Which of the following is most likely after irradiation in utero if the radiation is received during the organogenesis stage?

Which of the following dose-response curves is utilized for radiation protection guidelines when estimating the overall cancer risk from diagnostic and occupational exposures?

Which of the following is defined as a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population?

When does the greatest radiation hazard to a fetus exist?

The formula excess risk is

Radiobiology History

Cellular Anatomy and Physiology

Cellular Effects of Radiation

Effects of Initial Exposure to Radiation

Protection of Personnel

Protection of Patients

Filters