Exam 12: Clinical Confidentiality, Privacy Ethical Issues in the Digital Age

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The four principles approach to healthcare ethics includes autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. In the scenario at the beginning of the chapter, each of these principles can be seen as either promoted or detracted.

Autonomy is the principle that emphasizes the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their healthcare. In the scenario, the patient's autonomy is detracted as the doctor makes decisions without fully involving the patient in the decision-making process.

Beneficence is the principle that focuses on doing good for the patient and promoting their well-being. In the scenario, beneficence is promoted as the doctor is trying to provide the best possible care for the patient, even if the approach may be controversial.

Non-maleficence is the principle that emphasizes the obligation to do no harm to the patient. In the scenario, non-maleficence is detracted as the treatment plan proposed by the doctor may have potential risks and side effects that could harm the patient.

Justice is the principle that focuses on fairness and equality in healthcare. In the scenario, justice is detracted as the doctor's approach may not take into account the patient's financial or social circumstances, potentially leading to unequal access to care.

Overall, the scenario at the beginning of the chapter demonstrates how the four principles approach to healthcare ethics can be both promoted and detracted in real-life healthcare situations.