Question 1

Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped structures called:

Accepted Answer

A)  secretory vesicles. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  Golgi apparatus. 
A)  secretory vesicles. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  Golgi apparatus. C

Question 2

A metastatic tumor is one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  needs an adequate blood supply to survive. 
B)  shows slow expansion and well-differentiated cells. 
C)  remains active to survive. 
D)  invades deeply into the tissue where it arose. 
A)  needs an adequate blood supply to survive. 
B)  shows slow expansion and well-differentiated cells. 
C)  remains active to survive. 
D)  invades deeply into the tissue where it arose. A

Question 3

Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles and then fuse with the cell membrane for release. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pinocytosis. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  exocytosis. 
D)  endocytosis. 
A)  pinocytosis. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  exocytosis. 
D)  endocytosis. C

Question 4

A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are considered precancerous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Columnar metaplasia 
B)  Ductal atrophy 
C)  Atypical hyperplasia 
D)  Squamous hypertrophy 
A)  Columnar metaplasia 
B)  Ductal atrophy 
C)  Atypical hyperplasia 
D)  Squamous hypertrophy

Question 5

DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  nucleolus. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  nucleus. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  nucleolus. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  nucleus.

Question 6

A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. When the parents ask what caused this, the nurse practitioner responds with:

Accepted Answer

A)  translocation of the Philadelphia chromosome. 
B)  nondisjunction of chromosome 21. 
C)  expansion of cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeats 200. 
D)  mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator. 
A)  translocation of the Philadelphia chromosome. 
B)  nondisjunction of chromosome 21. 
C)  expansion of cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeats 200. 
D)  mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator.

Question 7

Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can cause edema because:

Accepted Answer

A)  oncotic pressure increases. 
B)  oncotic pressure decreases. 
C)  osmotic pressure increases. 
D)  hydrostatic pressure decreases. 
A)  oncotic pressure increases. 
B)  oncotic pressure decreases. 
C)  osmotic pressure increases. 
D)  hydrostatic pressure decreases.

Question 8

A __________ gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant 
B)  recessive 
C)  sex-linked 
D)  hemizygous 
A)  dominant 
B)  recessive 
C)  sex-linked 
D)  hemizygous

Question 9

Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a component of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fat. 
B)  sugar. 
C)  protein. 
D)  carbohydrate. 
A)  fat. 
B)  sugar. 
C)  protein. 
D)  carbohydrate.

Question 10

An example of a test that is used for cancer screening (asymptomatic test) is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cytology (pap) smear. 
B)  endometrial (uterine) biopsy. 
C)  magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs. 
D)  thyroid cancer blood tests. 
A)  cytology (pap) smear. 
B)  endometrial (uterine) biopsy. 
C)  magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs. 
D)  thyroid cancer blood tests.

Question 11

What information should parents be given about the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mental retardation is inevitable. 
B)  PKU is commonly associated with other congenital anomalies. 
C)  High dietary tyramine may help induce enzyme production. 
D)  Failure to treat properly results in progressive mental retardation. 
A)  Mental retardation is inevitable. 
B)  PKU is commonly associated with other congenital anomalies. 
C)  High dietary tyramine may help induce enzyme production. 
D)  Failure to treat properly results in progressive mental retardation.

Question 12

Which of the following are characteristic of malignant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaplastic, proliferate, and nonfunctioning 
B)  Well differentiated and nonfunctioning 
C)  Anaplastic, encapsulated, and functioning 
D)  Some differentiation, evade apoptosis, and functioning 
A)  Anaplastic, proliferate, and nonfunctioning 
B)  Well differentiated and nonfunctioning 
C)  Anaplastic, encapsulated, and functioning 
D)  Some differentiation, evade apoptosis, and functioning

Question 13

A mutation of the breast carcinoma 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) gene associated with cancer of the breast and ovaries will result in cell:

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of tumor suppressor function. 
B)  gain of tumor suppressor function. 
C)  accelerated hyperplasia. 
D)  increase in protein transcription. 
A)  loss of tumor suppressor function. 
B)  gain of tumor suppressor function. 
C)  accelerated hyperplasia. 
D)  increase in protein transcription.

Question 14

Epigenetics is the field of science that evaluates:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in underlying DNA sequence. 
B)  single nucleotide polymorphism development. 
C)  copy number variant development. 
D)  mechanism of activation and deactivation of genes. 
A)  changes in underlying DNA sequence. 
B)  single nucleotide polymorphism development. 
C)  copy number variant development. 
D)  mechanism of activation and deactivation of genes.

Question 15

Which of the following types of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Necrosis 
B)  Dry 
C)  Wet 
D)  Gas 
A)  Necrosis 
B)  Dry 
C)  Wet 
D)  Gas

Question 16

Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive sodium intake. 
B)  chronic irritation or inflammation. 
C)  increased enzyme synthesis. 
D)  apoptosis. 
A)  excessive sodium intake. 
B)  chronic irritation or inflammation. 
C)  increased enzyme synthesis. 
D)  apoptosis.

Question 17

__________ syndrome occurs in males when there is an extra X chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Triple X 
B)  Turner 
C)  Klinefelter 
D)  XYY 
A)  Triple X 
B)  Turner 
C)  Klinefelter 
D)  XYY

Question 18

A patient will be receiving stem cells obtained from a donor's blood (allogenic transplant) for leukemia (abnormal white blood cells). These stem cells are categorized as multipotent because they can make:

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple types of cells in the body. 
B)  only white blood cells. 
C)  all types of blood cells. 
D)  differentiated cells that can become any cell. 
A)  multiple types of cells in the body. 
B)  only white blood cells. 
C)  all types of blood cells. 
D)  differentiated cells that can become any cell.

Question 19

What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older maternal age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ova meiosis is complete by the time a girl is born thereby making them less likely to divide properly. 
B)  The older ova are more likely to have errors during meiosis. 
C)  Older ova are more likely to have p53 gene mutations. 
D)  Ova are continuously produced thereby increasing the chance of creating defective ova. 
A)  Ova meiosis is complete by the time a girl is born thereby making them less likely to divide properly. 
B)  The older ova are more likely to have errors during meiosis. 
C)  Older ova are more likely to have p53 gene mutations. 
D)  Ova are continuously produced thereby increasing the chance of creating defective ova.

Question 20

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness want to have children. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what information should be given to the parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% males affected 
B)  50% females affected 
C)  Females mostly affected; no males affected 
D)  Males mostly affected; females mostly carriers 
A)  25% males affected 
B)  50% females affected 
C)  Females mostly affected; no males affected 
D)  Males mostly affected; females mostly carriers

Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped structures called:

A metastatic tumor is one that:

Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles and then fuse with the cell membrane for release. This is an example of:

A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are considered precancerous?

DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from the:

A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. When the parents ask what caused this, the nurse practitioner responds with:

Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can cause edema because:

A __________ gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state.

Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a component of:

An example of a test that is used for cancer screening (asymptomatic test) is:

What information should parents be given about the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Which of the following are characteristic of malignant cells?

A mutation of the breast carcinoma 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) gene associated with cancer of the breast and ovaries will result in cell:

Epigenetics is the field of science that evaluates:

Which of the following types of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion?

Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from:

__________ syndrome occurs in males when there is an extra X chromosome.

A patient will be receiving stem cells obtained from a donor's blood (allogenic transplant) for leukemia (abnormal white blood cells). These stem cells are categorized as multipotent because they can make:

What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older maternal age?

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness want to have children. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what information should be given to the parents?

Immunity

Hematopoietic Function

Cardiovascular Function

Respiratory Function

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis

Urinary Function

Reproductive Function

Gastrointestinal Function

Endocrine Function

Neural Function

Musculoskeletal Function

Integumentary Function

Sensory Function

Cellular Exchange, Genetics, Immunity, and Cardiovascular System

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Exam 1: Cellular Function

Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped structures called:

A metastatic tumor is one that:

Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles and then fuse with the cell membrane for release. This is an example of:

A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are considered precancerous?

DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from the:

A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. When the parents ask what caused this, the nurse practitioner responds with:

Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can cause edema because:

A __________ gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state.

Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a component of:

An example of a test that is used for cancer screening (asymptomatic test) is:

What information should parents be given about the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Which of the following are characteristic of malignant cells?

A mutation of the breast carcinoma 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) gene associated with cancer of the breast and ovaries will result in cell:

Epigenetics is the field of science that evaluates:

Which of the following types of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion?

Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from:

__________ syndrome occurs in males when there is an extra X chromosome.

A patient will be receiving stem cells obtained from a donor's blood (allogenic transplant) for leukemia (abnormal white blood cells). These stem cells are categorized as multipotent because they can make:

What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older maternal age?

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness want to have children. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what information should be given to the parents?

Immunity

Hematopoietic Function

Cardiovascular Function

Respiratory Function

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis

Urinary Function

Reproductive Function

Gastrointestinal Function

Endocrine Function

Neural Function

Musculoskeletal Function

Integumentary Function

Sensory Function

Cellular Exchange, Genetics, Immunity, and Cardiovascular System

Filters