Exam 21: Program Planning Models and Theories

The individuals who are pioneers, risk takers, the first to be interested in testing and developing new ideas are:

Which of the following is a core construct of the transtheoretical model?

The stage that is characterized by unwillingness to make behavior changes anytime soon is which of the following?

Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory is a research theory that describes how a novel innovative idea, product, or positive health behavior (________) spreads through a community or social structure (________).

A planning model is like a theory.

Individuals cannot relapse or enter the cycle at any given stage before successfully reaching maintenance.

Which of the following is not used when evaluating data over time?

______________ was developed as a joint project of the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Mitigating factors faced by health care providers and patients are likewise different from urban areas. The factors that conspire to impede rural Americans in their quest for better living include:

Laggards are very conservative or vulnerable groups with limited information and unstable incomes.

Which of the following is a tool that provides a guide to health professionals and community stakeholders? Adapted from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, this tool is intended to help communities plan and evaluate public health interventions that aim to address Healthy People 2020 objectives.

Precede-Proceed are both acronyms with Precede standing for which of the following?

Implementing entails two steps, which are data analysis and progress report.

Coalitions also exist to address concerns of the communities such as security and community development, which typically have members with diverse interests and resources that can be pulled to address health concerns of the community.

Program planners must focus on the micro (organizational and environmental systems) and macro levels (individual, peer, and family) of alignment between the assessment of determinants and the selection of determinants.

How different is a planning model from theory?

Planning models are made up of a set of testable propositions; they serve as a blueprint for building and improving intervention programs.

Using systems thinking, give an example how you would avoid the unintended consequences. For example, our world is made of many complex relationships and interrelationships. Systems thinking provides a perspective that, most of the time, various components affect each other in various, and often unexpected, ways. So, for example, the use of the pesticide DDT to kill mosquitoes led to several unanticipated side effects. These included the decimation of several species of mosquito-eating birds and the rise of DDT resistant mosquitoes. Over time in some places, this dynamic made the mosquito problem worse (see "Unintended Consequences of DDT"). In organizations, systems thinking brings powerful tools and enlightened perspectives to organizational diagnosis, problem solving, strategy, and leadership (see "Linear vs. Systems Thinking").

In Educational and Ecological Assessment, the Program planners after identifying the behavioral and environmental determinants that influence health outcomes in the community can select an analyze factors that predispose, reinforce, and enable the behaviors and lifestyle.

The action cycle involves planning, implementation, and evaluation of the actions of the community in achieving its set goals, with each of these activities building upon the other.