Question 1

Why would you use an effect modifier for a chi-square test?

Accepted Answer

A)  To account for a confounding variable 
B)  To determine an extraneous effect on the predictor variable 
C)  To account for a confounding variable and to determine an extraneous effect on the predictor variable 
D)  None of these is correct. 
A)  To account for a confounding variable 
B)  To determine an extraneous effect on the predictor variable 
C)  To account for a confounding variable and to determine an extraneous effect on the predictor variable 
D)  None of these is correct. B

Question 2

An odds ratio can range from close to zero to levels exceeding 5 or 6; however, if you received an odds ratio of 1, what assumptions can you make about your results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The P-value from the tests is too large. 
B)  The odds of the outcome are similar for people regardless of their exposure to the variable of interests. 
C)  You can't make an assumption without the confidence interval. 
D)  The P-value from the tests is too large, and the odds of the outcome are similar for people regardless of their exposure to the variable of interests. 
E)  The P-value from the tests is too large, and you can't make an assumption without the confidence interval. 
A)  The P-value from the tests is too large. 
B)  The odds of the outcome are similar for people regardless of their exposure to the variable of interests. 
C)  You can't make an assumption without the confidence interval. 
D)  The P-value from the tests is too large, and the odds of the outcome are similar for people regardless of their exposure to the variable of interests. 
E)  The P-value from the tests is too large, and you can't make an assumption without the confidence interval. D

Question 3

The higher the chi-square value, the lower the P-value.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

In the study determining the relationship between parental monitoring and teenage binge drinking, sex became an effect modifier variable; however, the association was significant in females but insignificant for males. What does this tell the investigator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex, not parental monitoring, should be the primary variable of interest. 
B)  Because sex was insignificant for male binge drinking outcomes, the effect modifier should be discarded. 
C)  Both variables are important to the study's tests and future interventions. 
D)  Two separate studies should be conducted. 
A)  Sex, not parental monitoring, should be the primary variable of interest. 
B)  Because sex was insignificant for male binge drinking outcomes, the effect modifier should be discarded. 
C)  Both variables are important to the study's tests and future interventions. 
D)  Two separate studies should be conducted.

Question 5

Categorical data represent the quantity of an outcome and are expressed in terms of percentages or proportions rather than means and standard deviations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Logistic regression is a form of analysis that:

Accepted Answer

A)  can determine causation. 
B)  can have nominal, ordinal, or ratio-level independent variables. 
C)  is more effective than bivariate associations. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  can determine causation. 
B)  can have nominal, ordinal, or ratio-level independent variables. 
C)  is more effective than bivariate associations. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 7

If your predictor variable is dichotomous and your outcome variable is not, would a simple chi-square test sufficiently explain the relationship between the two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes 
B)  No 
C)  Maybe 
D)  The test cannot be run. 
A)  Yes 
B)  No 
C)  Maybe 
D)  The test cannot be run.

Question 8

What is a benefit of conducting a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It could save you time and money. 
B)  It pools together multiple studies and allows you to conduct secondary analysis. 
C)  It gives you insight on more or less successful interventions. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  It could save you time and money. 
B)  It pools together multiple studies and allows you to conduct secondary analysis. 
C)  It gives you insight on more or less successful interventions. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 9

Pretend you're creating a contingency table made up of two categorical variables. Your __________ variables would make up the rows, and the __________ variables would make up the columns.

Accepted Answer

A)  predictor; exposure 
B)  outcome; exposure 
C)  exposure; outcome 
D)  None of these is correct. 
A)  predictor; exposure 
B)  outcome; exposure 
C)  exposure; outcome 
D)  None of these is correct.

Question 10

If you were to have an adjusted odds ratio of 0.7 with a confidence interval of 0.6-0.8, how would you interpret these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The odds of the outcome are 30% less likely for you than those exposed to the variable of interest. 
B)  The odds of the outcome are 70% less likely for you than those exposed to the variable of interest. 
C)  The positive outcome is less likely to occur. 
D)  Unsure 
A)  The odds of the outcome are 30% less likely for you than those exposed to the variable of interest. 
B)  The odds of the outcome are 70% less likely for you than those exposed to the variable of interest. 
C)  The positive outcome is less likely to occur. 
D)  Unsure

Why would you use an effect modifier for a chi-square test?

An odds ratio can range from close to zero to levels exceeding 5 or 6; however, if you received an odds ratio of 1, what assumptions can you make about your results?

The higher the chi-square value, the lower the P-value.

In the study determining the relationship between parental monitoring and teenage binge drinking, sex became an effect modifier variable; however, the association was significant in females but insignificant for males. What does this tell the investigator?

Categorical data represent the quantity of an outcome and are expressed in terms of percentages or proportions rather than means and standard deviations.

Logistic regression is a form of analysis that:

If your predictor variable is dichotomous and your outcome variable is not, would a simple chi-square test sufficiently explain the relationship between the two variables?

What is a benefit of conducting a meta-analysis?

Pretend you're creating a contingency table made up of two categorical variables. Your variables would make up the rows, and the variables would make up the columns.

If you were to have an adjusted odds ratio of 0.7 with a confidence interval of 0.6-0.8, how would you interpret these results?

Shaping Public Health Through Research and Practice

Framing the Research Question

Ethical Standards and Practice for Public Health Research

Community-Based Participatory Research

Qualitative Research Methods for Public Health

Observational Research Designs

Experimental Research Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs for Public Health

Defining the Study Population

Sampling Techniques

Measurement

Data Management and Cleaning

Parametric Data Analysis

Disseminating Findings and Informing New Research

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Exam 14: Non-Parametric Data Analysis

Why would you use an effect modifier for a chi-square test?

An odds ratio can range from close to zero to levels exceeding 5 or 6; however, if you received an odds ratio of 1, what assumptions can you make about your results?

The higher the chi-square value, the lower the P-value.

In the study determining the relationship between parental monitoring and teenage binge drinking, sex became an effect modifier variable; however, the association was significant in females but insignificant for males. What does this tell the investigator?

Categorical data represent the quantity of an outcome and are expressed in terms of percentages or proportions rather than means and standard deviations.

Logistic regression is a form of analysis that:

If your predictor variable is dichotomous and your outcome variable is not, would a simple chi-square test sufficiently explain the relationship between the two variables?

What is a benefit of conducting a meta-analysis?

Pretend you're creating a contingency table made up of two categorical variables. Your __________ variables would make up the rows, and the __________ variables would make up the columns.

If you were to have an adjusted odds ratio of 0.7 with a confidence interval of 0.6-0.8, how would you interpret these results?

Shaping Public Health Through Research and Practice

Framing the Research Question

Ethical Standards and Practice for Public Health Research

Community-Based Participatory Research

Qualitative Research Methods for Public Health

Observational Research Designs

Experimental Research Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs for Public Health

Defining the Study Population

Sampling Techniques

Measurement

Data Management and Cleaning

Parametric Data Analysis

Disseminating Findings and Informing New Research

Filters

Pretend you're creating a contingency table made up of two categorical variables. Your variables would make up the rows, and the variables would make up the columns.