Question 1

Discuss immunosuppression and carcinogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppression is a characteristic feature of cancer patients that correlates with disease promotion and progression.
Immunosuppression is associated with several factors (poor nutrition, depression, debilitation, chemotherapy, and chronic inflammation). Notably, prostaglandins of the inflammatory cascade, particularly

Question 2

Discuss mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Several molecular mechanisms, acting either alone or in combination, are likely responsible for the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis in a given individual. These mechanisms can be broadly categorized into six distinct groups: mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis, inhibition of apoptosis, and immunosuppression with reduced antineoplastic activity of T and B lymphocytes.

Question 3

What biological process regulates cell senescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apoptosis 
B)  Angiogenesis 
C)  Mitosis 
D)  Immunosuppression 
A)  Apoptosis 
B)  Angiogenesis 
C)  Mitosis 
D)  Immunosuppression A

Question 4

What family of enzymes are associated with invasive cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  MMP 
B)  Telomerase 
C)  MAPK 
D)  CHEK 
A)  MMP 
B)  Telomerase 
C)  MAPK 
D)  CHEK

Question 5

What enzyme prolongs cellular life by sustaining telomere integrity?

Accepted Answer

A)  MMP 
B)  Telomerase 
C)  MAPK 
D)  CHEK 
A)  MMP 
B)  Telomerase 
C)  MAPK 
D)  CHEK

Question 6

What percent of human cancers are carcinomas derived from proliferating epithelial cell populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  75% 
D)  90% 
A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  75% 
D)  90%

Question 7

The epigenetic theory of cancer involves base pair changes of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Cancer can be succinctly defined as "deranged cell division."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Approximately 90% of human cancer evolves from epithelial cell populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Progression through the cell cycle is tightly regulated by a family of genes called "cyclins" and the proteins they encode.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Because of its important role in eliminating mutant cells and conserving genomic stability, the p53 gene has been deemed the "guardian of the human genome."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Mutations that are derived from individual cells during the lifespan are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic mutations. 
B)  germline mutations. 
A)  somatic mutations. 
B)  germline mutations.

Question 13

What are chief enzymes of the inflammatory cascades?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cylooxygenase-1 
B)  Cylooxygenase-2 
C)  ALOX5 
D)  Telomerase 
E)  All of the above are correct.
F) Only a, b, c are correct. 
A)  Cylooxygenase-1 
B)  Cylooxygenase-2 
C)  ALOX5 
D)  Telomerase 
E)  All of the above are correct.
F) Only a, b, c are correct.

Question 14

Discuss angiogenesis and carcinogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Angiogenesis is a normal and vital physi

Question 15

What biological process stimulates formation of new blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apoptosis 
B)  Angiogenesis 
C)  Mitosis 
D)  Immunosuppression 
A)  Apoptosis 
B)  Angiogenesis 
C)  Mitosis 
D)  Immunosuppression

Question 16

Discuss apoptosis and carcinogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis or controlled cell death is an

Question 17

Carcinoma in situ has a poor prognosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Discuss somatic mutations and carcinogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Somatic mutations occur in the DNA of in

Question 19

Dysplasia is an intermediate step in the evolution of cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Molecular evidence has linked overexpres

Exam 11: Pathogenesis of Cancer

Discuss immunosuppression and carcinogenesis.

Discuss mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

What biological process regulates cell senescence?

What family of enzymes are associated with invasive cancer?

What enzyme prolongs cellular life by sustaining telomere integrity?

What percent of human cancers are carcinomas derived from proliferating epithelial cell populations?

The epigenetic theory of cancer involves base pair changes of DNA.

Cancer can be succinctly defined as "deranged cell division."

Approximately 90% of human cancer evolves from epithelial cell populations.

Progression through the cell cycle is tightly regulated by a family of genes called "cyclins" and the proteins they encode.

Because of its important role in eliminating mutant cells and conserving genomic stability, the p53 gene has been deemed the "guardian of the human genome."

Mutations that are derived from individual cells during the lifespan are called:

What are chief enzymes of the inflammatory cascades?

Discuss angiogenesis and carcinogenesis.

What biological process stimulates formation of new blood vessels?

Discuss apoptosis and carcinogenesis.

Carcinoma in situ has a poor prognosis.

Discuss somatic mutations and carcinogenesis.

Dysplasia is an intermediate step in the evolution of cancer.

Discuss chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis.

Global Burden of Chronic Disease: The Epidemiologic Transition

Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease

Epidemiology of Coronary Heart Disease

Epidemiology of Myocardial Infarction

Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death

Epidemiology of Stroke Cerebral Infarction

Epidemiology of Heart Failure

Epidemiology of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism Pulmonary Embolism

Epidemiology of Hypertension

Global Epidemiology of Cancer

Epidemiology of Lung Cancer

Epidemiology of Laryngeal Cancer

Epidemiology of Oral Cavity Cancer

Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer

Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer

Epidemiology of Colon Cancer

Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer

Epidemiology of Liver Cancer

Epidemiology of Breast Cancer

Epidemiology of Ovarian Cancer

Epidemiology of Corpus Uterine Cancer

Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer

Epidemiology of Vaginal, Vulvar, Anal Cancer

Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

Epidemiology of Testicular Cancer

Epidemiology of Cancer of External Male Genitalia

Epidemiology of Urinary Bladder Cancer

Epidemiology of Kidney Cancer

Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer

Epidemiology of Adrenal Cancer

Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma

Epidemiology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Epidemiology of Sarcoma

Epidemiology of Lymphoma

Epidemiology of Leukemia

Epidemiology of Brain Tumors

Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Epidemiology of Asthma

Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Epidemiology of Obesity

Epidemiology of Thyroid Disease

Epidemiology of Kidney Disease

Epidemiology of Cirrhosis of the Liver

Epidemiology of Osteoporosis

Epidemiology of Arthritis

Epidemiology of Alzheimers Disease

Epidemiology of Parkinsons Disease

Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis

Epidemiology of Epilepsy

Epidemiology of Schizophrenia

Epidemiology of Suicide

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis

Epidemiology of Malaria

Epidemiology of HIV Disease

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