Exam 5: Epidemiologic Principles and Methods

Which of the following is calculated by dividing the ratio of exposed subjects to non-exposed subjects in the case group by the ratio of exposed subjects to non-exposed subjects in the control group?

In a ___________________ trial, neither physician nor patient knows to which group the patient has been assigned.

In a clinical trial of a new painkiller, the control group would receive the highest dose of the new drug.

In defining a disease to be studied, epidemiologists use the term "disease" broadly; ________________ is a more accurate but cumbersome description of what is to be studied.

An effective drug shows a lower rate of causation than the placebo.

Whats the appropriate description of the terms? -Usually done to test a new treatment for a disease or a preventive measure

Whats the appropriate descriptionn of the following terms? -Group that is exposed to the intervention

whats the terms to the appropriate description. -Total number of cases existing in a defined population at a specific time

Disease frequency is usually expressed as prevalence rate.

The discovery of the cause of the EMS outbreak in New Mexico involved descriptive epidemiology.

Cohort studies start out by measuring exposure and watching for the development of disease.

whats the terms to the appropriate description. -Rate of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time

Whats the appropriate description of the terms? -Most accurate type of study, large numbers of people are questioned concerning their exposures

The Salk polio vaccine was able to reduce polio infections by about 75%.

In a ___________________ trial, subjects are assigned to groups at random.

An important case-control study conducted in the mid-1980s sought the cause of _________________, a deadly disease of children that occurred a few weeks after a child had recovered from a viral infection such as chicken pox.

Which of the following measures the probability that a healthy person in that population will develop the disease during that time?

For chronic diseases that are not lethal, such as arthritis, the prevalence will be much higher than the incidence.

The placebo effect usually occurs in about half of control group members.

A ___________________ of 1.0 means that there is no association between the exposure and the disease.