Question 1

How did Robert Koch determine that it was bacteria that caused the disease anthrax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Everybody at the time knew anthrax was caused by bacteria. 
B)  He injected mice with anthrax infected material, and they all came down with anthrax, while those injected with healthy material did not. 
C)  He put mice in close proximity to healthy and to anthrax-infected animals and only those near the sick animals contracted anthrax. 
D)  He photographed the anthrax bacteria. 
E)  He infected himself with anthrax bacteria and contracted the disease. 
A)  Everybody at the time knew anthrax was caused by bacteria. 
B)  He injected mice with anthrax infected material, and they all came down with anthrax, while those injected with healthy material did not. 
C)  He put mice in close proximity to healthy and to anthrax-infected animals and only those near the sick animals contracted anthrax. 
D)  He photographed the anthrax bacteria. 
E)  He infected himself with anthrax bacteria and contracted the disease.

Question 2

About 20% of the human population has the bacteria that causes childbed fever living on their skin, and yet death from it is very rare. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are now resistant to the bacteria. 
B)  The bacteria has evolved such that it never causes disease. 
C)  With all the antibacterial soaps available, most humans don't come in contact with bacteria. 
D)  The bacteria is only dangerous if it gets in the bloodstream and now it can be treated by antibiotics. 
E)  Doctors now routinely wash their hands.
"How do we know?" 
A)  People are now resistant to the bacteria. 
B)  The bacteria has evolved such that it never causes disease. 
C)  With all the antibacterial soaps available, most humans don't come in contact with bacteria. 
D)  The bacteria is only dangerous if it gets in the bloodstream and now it can be treated by antibiotics. 
E)  Doctors now routinely wash their hands.
"How do we know?"

Question 3

It has always been safest to deliver a baby with a doctor's assistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The following statement is not science because which of the four scientific assumptions is violated? If people die sudden deaths, their ghosts haunt the area where they died because they can't rest in peace.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause and effect 
B)  Consistency 
C)  Repeatability 
D)  Materialism 
A)  Cause and effect 
B)  Consistency 
C)  Repeatability 
D)  Materialism

Question 5

What was one example of empirical evidence used by Dr. Semmelweis to determine the cause of childbed fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women who dealt with doctors and medical students at the hospital were more likely to contract childbed fever. 
B)  Miasma was thought to cause disease. 
C)  Women who spent their labor on their sides were less likely to contract childbed fever. 
D)  Stopping all autopsies stopped the incidences of childbed fever. 
E)  Medical students were too rough on women in labor. 
A)  Women who dealt with doctors and medical students at the hospital were more likely to contract childbed fever. 
B)  Miasma was thought to cause disease. 
C)  Women who spent their labor on their sides were less likely to contract childbed fever. 
D)  Stopping all autopsies stopped the incidences of childbed fever. 
E)  Medical students were too rough on women in labor.

Question 6

What is the difference between a " theory" as the word is commonly used, and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  An everyday theory can be wrong and a scientific theory never is. 
B)  An everyday theory is a guess and a scientific theory has been repeatedly tested. 
C)  An everyday theory is an idea and a scientific theory is a fact. 
D)  An everyday theory is a fact, and a scientific theory is an idea. 
E)  They are the same thing. 
A)  An everyday theory can be wrong and a scientific theory never is. 
B)  An everyday theory is a guess and a scientific theory has been repeatedly tested. 
C)  An everyday theory is an idea and a scientific theory is a fact. 
D)  An everyday theory is a fact, and a scientific theory is an idea. 
E)  They are the same thing.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes Dr. Semmelweis's conclusive test of his hypothesis about what caused childbed fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  If germs cause childbed fever, then getting accidently nicked with a scalpel from a childbed fever autopsy will lead to death by childbed fever. 
B)  If rough handling of patients by doctors results in childbed fever, then less handling should reduce the incidence of the fever. 
C)  Better ventilation will decrease incidence of childbed fever. 
D)  Just allowing midwives to work with patients will decrease the incidence of childbed fever. 
E)  If germs cause childbed fever, having medical personnel scrub their hands with bleach prior to working with patients should decrease the incidence of the fever. 
A)  If germs cause childbed fever, then getting accidently nicked with a scalpel from a childbed fever autopsy will lead to death by childbed fever. 
B)  If rough handling of patients by doctors results in childbed fever, then less handling should reduce the incidence of the fever. 
C)  Better ventilation will decrease incidence of childbed fever. 
D)  Just allowing midwives to work with patients will decrease the incidence of childbed fever. 
E)  If germs cause childbed fever, having medical personnel scrub their hands with bleach prior to working with patients should decrease the incidence of the fever.

Question 8

Science depends on ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence 
B)  beliefs 
C)  practice 
D)  reasoning 
E)  Luck 
A)  evidence 
B)  beliefs 
C)  practice 
D)  reasoning 
E)  Luck

Question 9

In what way are Dr. Semmelweis's findings repeated even now?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who accidently stab themselves with scalpels still often die. 
B)  Midwives still help women give birth. 
C)  People still die in hospitals. 
D)  Hospitals with better procedures for maintaining sterility see fewer infections. 
E)  Doctors still solve mysteries. 
A)  People who accidently stab themselves with scalpels still often die. 
B)  Midwives still help women give birth. 
C)  People still die in hospitals. 
D)  Hospitals with better procedures for maintaining sterility see fewer infections. 
E)  Doctors still solve mysteries.

Question 10

What is one important feature of a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be

Question 11

In what way was Dr. Semmelweis's finding about preventing childbed fever generalized to other areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Midwives are better at assisting women give birth than doctors are. 
B)  Letting medical students treat patients with doctors leads to an increase in disease incidence. 
C)  All hospitals of the day improved their ventilation systems. 
D)  it has turned out that lack of sterilization can cause many diseases 
E)  When people get frustrated trying to solve medical mysteries, they now routinely go on vacation. 
A)  Midwives are better at assisting women give birth than doctors are. 
B)  Letting medical students treat patients with doctors leads to an increase in disease incidence. 
C)  All hospitals of the day improved their ventilation systems. 
D)  it has turned out that lack of sterilization can cause many diseases 
E)  When people get frustrated trying to solve medical mysteries, they now routinely go on vacation.

Question 12

Which of the following assumptions of science is illustrated by this statement: Bacterial infections became much less of a problem when doctors began routinely practicing good hygiene.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause and effect 
B)  Consistency 
C)  Repeatability 
D)  Materialism 
A)  Cause and effect 
B)  Consistency 
C)  Repeatability 
D)  Materialism

Question 13

Which sequence is most typical in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothesize, predict, test, observe, evaluate results 
B)  Observe, hypothesize, predict, test, evaluate results 
C)  Hypothesize, predict, evaluate results, observe 
D)  Observe, predict, hypothesize, test, evaluate results 
E)  Observe, test, hypothesize, predict, evaluate results 
A)  Hypothesize, predict, test, observe, evaluate results 
B)  Observe, hypothesize, predict, test, evaluate results 
C)  Hypothesize, predict, evaluate results, observe 
D)  Observe, predict, hypothesize, test, evaluate results 
E)  Observe, test, hypothesize, predict, evaluate results

Question 14

What data did Dr. Semmelweiss collect initially in his investigation of childbed fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  He compared maternal death rates from childbed fever in the doctor's division of the hospital with those of the midwife's division. 
B)  He interviewed women about their experience giving birth in the hospital. 
C)  He tested maternal blood for bacterial infection. 
D)  He tested surgical tools and gloves for bacterial infection. 
E)  He compared birth rates in the doctor's division of the hospital with those of the midwife's division. 
A)  He compared maternal death rates from childbed fever in the doctor's division of the hospital with those of the midwife's division. 
B)  He interviewed women about their experience giving birth in the hospital. 
C)  He tested maternal blood for bacterial infection. 
D)  He tested surgical tools and gloves for bacterial infection. 
E)  He compared birth rates in the doctor's division of the hospital with those of the midwife's division.

Question 15

Why is it important that experiments be repeated?

Accepted Answer

To make su

Question 16

Certain mushrooms tend to appear suddenly in circles on lawns. Which of the following might be an appropriate scientific hypothesis about this.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mushrooms grow only in association with grass. 
B)  Mushrooms grow only in the summer time. 
C)  The circle shape is random, even though it's almost always how these mushrooms are oriented on the lawn. 
D)  Mushrooms mostly grow underground from a central root structure. 
E)  There are some things too odd to try to explain scientifically. There's no way to know. 
A)  Mushrooms grow only in association with grass. 
B)  Mushrooms grow only in the summer time. 
C)  The circle shape is random, even though it's almost always how these mushrooms are oriented on the lawn. 
D)  Mushrooms mostly grow underground from a central root structure. 
E)  There are some things too odd to try to explain scientifically. There's no way to know.

Question 17

What are the three main features of science?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's based on opinion, it's testable, and it can be applied generally. 
B)  It's based on empirical evidence, it's testable, and it can be applied to just very specific situations. 
C)  It's based on empirical evidence, it's testable, and it can be applied to general situations. 
D)  It's based on scientific belief, it's falsifiable, and it can be applied to general situations. 
E)  It's based on empirical evidence, it's not always testable, and it can be applied to general situations. 
A)  It's based on opinion, it's testable, and it can be applied generally. 
B)  It's based on empirical evidence, it's testable, and it can be applied to just very specific situations. 
C)  It's based on empirical evidence, it's testable, and it can be applied to general situations. 
D)  It's based on scientific belief, it's falsifiable, and it can be applied to general situations. 
E)  It's based on empirical evidence, it's not always testable, and it can be applied to general situations.

Question 18

In science, there is a system of peer-review, where nothing gets published until several other scientists have looked over the work. What is the purpose of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  To give scientists something to do in their spare time. 
B)  To ensure that everything gets published. 
C)  To ensure that everything that gets published is as accurate and repeatable as is possible. 
D)  To ensure no one scientist has too much power. 
E)  To ensure that everyone agrees on the ideas of science. 
A)  To give scientists something to do in their spare time. 
B)  To ensure that everything gets published. 
C)  To ensure that everything that gets published is as accurate and repeatable as is possible. 
D)  To ensure no one scientist has too much power. 
E)  To ensure that everyone agrees on the ideas of science.

Question 19

What kind of questions can science answer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Questions about what it means to be happy. 
B)  Questions about whether a particular book is good. 
C)  Questions about how the natural world works. 
D)  Questions about why God works as He does. 
E)  Science can answer any kind of question. 
A)  Questions about what it means to be happy. 
B)  Questions about whether a particular book is good. 
C)  Questions about how the natural world works. 
D)  Questions about why God works as He does. 
E)  Science can answer any kind of question.

Question 20

Which of the following would a good scientist NOT do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collect only data that support his or her idea. 
B)  Try to answer a specific question. 
C)  Try to determine how a certain process works. 
D)  Investigate something he or she is just curious about. 
E)  Try to solve a particular problem. 
A)  Collect only data that support his or her idea. 
B)  Try to answer a specific question. 
C)  Try to determine how a certain process works. 
D)  Investigate something he or she is just curious about. 
E)  Try to solve a particular problem.

How did Robert Koch determine that it was bacteria that caused the disease anthrax?

About 20% of the human population has the bacteria that causes childbed fever living on their skin, and yet death from it is very rare. Why?

It has always been safest to deliver a baby with a doctor's assistance.

The following statement is not science because which of the four scientific assumptions is violated? If people die sudden deaths, their ghosts haunt the area where they died because they can't rest in peace.

What was one example of empirical evidence used by Dr. Semmelweis to determine the cause of childbed fever?

What is the difference between a " theory" as the word is commonly used, and a scientific theory?

Which of the following best describes Dr. Semmelweis's conclusive test of his hypothesis about what caused childbed fever?

Science depends on ___________________.

In what way are Dr. Semmelweis's findings repeated even now?

What is one important feature of a scientific hypothesis?

In what way was Dr. Semmelweis's finding about preventing childbed fever generalized to other areas?

Which of the following assumptions of science is illustrated by this statement: Bacterial infections became much less of a problem when doctors began routinely practicing good hygiene.

Which sequence is most typical in the scientific method?

What data did Dr. Semmelweiss collect initially in his investigation of childbed fever?

Why is it important that experiments be repeated?

Certain mushrooms tend to appear suddenly in circles on lawns. Which of the following might be an appropriate scientific hypothesis about this.

What are the three main features of science?

In science, there is a system of peer-review, where nothing gets published until several other scientists have looked over the work. What is the purpose of this?

What kind of questions can science answer?

Which of the following would a good scientist NOT do?

The Nature of Biology and Evolution

Human Development

Inheritance, Genes, and Physical Characteristics

Cancer

Reproduction

Plants, Agriculture, and Genetic Engineering

Health Care and the Human Genome

Evolution

The Evolution of Disease

Homeostasis

Circulation and Respiration

The Nervous System

Infectious Diseases and the Immune System

Nutrition, Activity, and Wellness

Ecology

Biodiversity and Human Affairs

Human Population Growth

Filters

Exam 2: The Nature of Science

How did Robert Koch determine that it was bacteria that caused the disease anthrax?

About 20% of the human population has the bacteria that causes childbed fever living on their skin, and yet death from it is very rare. Why?

It has always been safest to deliver a baby with a doctor's assistance.

The following statement is not science because which of the four scientific assumptions is violated? If people die sudden deaths, their ghosts haunt the area where they died because they can't rest in peace.

What was one example of empirical evidence used by Dr. Semmelweis to determine the cause of childbed fever?

What is the difference between a " theory" as the word is commonly used, and a scientific theory?

Which of the following best describes Dr. Semmelweis's conclusive test of his hypothesis about what caused childbed fever?

Science depends on ___________________.

In what way are Dr. Semmelweis's findings repeated even now?

What is one important feature of a scientific hypothesis?

In what way was Dr. Semmelweis's finding about preventing childbed fever generalized to other areas?

Which of the following assumptions of science is illustrated by this statement: Bacterial infections became much less of a problem when doctors began routinely practicing good hygiene.

Which sequence is most typical in the scientific method?

What data did Dr. Semmelweiss collect initially in his investigation of childbed fever?

Why is it important that experiments be repeated?

Certain mushrooms tend to appear suddenly in circles on lawns. Which of the following might be an appropriate scientific hypothesis about this.

What are the three main features of science?

In science, there is a system of peer-review, where nothing gets published until several other scientists have looked over the work. What is the purpose of this?

What kind of questions can science answer?

Which of the following would a good scientist NOT do?

The Nature of Biology and Evolution

Human Development

Inheritance, Genes, and Physical Characteristics

Cancer

Reproduction

Plants, Agriculture, and Genetic Engineering

Health Care and the Human Genome

Evolution

The Evolution of Disease

Homeostasis

Circulation and Respiration

The Nervous System

Infectious Diseases and the Immune System

Nutrition, Activity, and Wellness

Ecology

Biodiversity and Human Affairs

Human Population Growth

Filters