Question 1

Using a social learning approach, criminal behavior is learned through direct conditioning or through imitation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A basic premise of social learning theory is that social behavior is a

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive process in which conventional morality is the basis of right and wrong. 
B)  cognitive process in which spiritual convictions are acted upon. 
C)  result of living in confusing times. 
D)  cognitive process in which personality and environment reciprocally interact. 
A)  cognitive process in which conventional morality is the basis of right and wrong. 
B)  cognitive process in which spiritual convictions are acted upon. 
C)  result of living in confusing times. 
D)  cognitive process in which personality and environment reciprocally interact.

Question 3

Hirschi has been criticized for being too

Accepted Answer

A)  liberal. 
B)  conservative. 
C)  political. 
D)  empirical. 
A)  liberal. 
B)  conservative. 
C)  political. 
D)  empirical.

Question 4

According to Sutherland, what two elements does the learning of criminal behavior include?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opportunities and means 
B)  Techniques and opportunities 
C)  Justifications and opportunities 
D)  Justifications and techniques 
A)  Opportunities and means 
B)  Techniques and opportunities 
C)  Justifications and opportunities 
D)  Justifications and techniques

Question 5

One advantage of Hirschi's theory is that it explains delinquency, white-collar crime, and political crime equally well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In which forms of deviance are individuals with control deficits likely to engage?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitation, defiance, and submission 
B)  predation, exploitation, and decadence 
C)  predation, defiance, and submission 
D)  exploitation, plunder, and decadence 
A)  exploitation, defiance, and submission 
B)  predation, exploitation, and decadence 
C)  predation, defiance, and submission 
D)  exploitation, plunder, and decadence

Question 7

In which forms of deviance are individuals with control surpluses likely to engage?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitation, defiance, and submission 
B)  predation, exploitation, and decadence 
C)  predation, defiance, and submission 
D)  exploitation, plunder, and decadence 
A)  exploitation, defiance, and submission 
B)  predation, exploitation, and decadence 
C)  predation, defiance, and submission 
D)  exploitation, plunder, and decadence

Question 8

Proper parenting should include the following to ensure a healthy degree of self-control among children:

Accepted Answer

A)  Strict and authoritarian controls on all aspects of children's lives and limited engagement in outside activities. 
B)  Liberal allowances for children to do what they want and learn from their own mistakes. 
C)  Monitoring children's behavior and reporting them to the police when they commit crimes. 
D)  Monitoring children's behavior, recognizing deviance when it happens, and punishing deviance appropriately. 
A)  Strict and authoritarian controls on all aspects of children's lives and limited engagement in outside activities. 
B)  Liberal allowances for children to do what they want and learn from their own mistakes. 
C)  Monitoring children's behavior and reporting them to the police when they commit crimes. 
D)  Monitoring children's behavior, recognizing deviance when it happens, and punishing deviance appropriately.

Question 9

Briefly explain and critique the two key concepts of social control theory.

Accepted Answer

a. Crime is likely to occur when the soc

Question 10

Discuss two similarities and two differences between Sutherland's "differential association" and Aker's "differential reinforcement."

Accepted Answer

a. Similarity: both approaches note that

Question 11

Church involvement has a stronger control effect on male juveniles than sports.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to Akers, social behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  strengthened by reward. 
B)  often unpredictable. 
C)  weakened by aversive stimuli. 
D)  both a and c. 
A)  strengthened by reward. 
B)  often unpredictable. 
C)  weakened by aversive stimuli. 
D)  both a and c.

Question 13

Which of the following is among the four types of deviance outlined by Tittle's theory of control-balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  innovation, rebellion, and retreatism 
B)  predation, exploitation, and plunder 
C)  normal, useful, and inevitable 
D)  demoralization and primitive rebellion 
A)  innovation, rebellion, and retreatism 
B)  predation, exploitation, and plunder 
C)  normal, useful, and inevitable 
D)  demoralization and primitive rebellion

Question 14

According to Akers, surplus populations are created directly and indirectly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

If low self-control is both a symptom and a cause of crime, then the theory of self-control is

Accepted Answer

A)  tautological. 
B)  perfectly logical. 
C)  psychological. 
D)  sociological. 
A)  tautological. 
B)  perfectly logical. 
C)  psychological. 
D)  sociological.

Question 16

In a recent revision of social learning theory, Akers included __________ variables in the analysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  cognitive 
C)  social-structural 
D)  cultural 
A)  biological 
B)  cognitive 
C)  social-structural 
D)  cultural

Question 17

Decadence, as outlined in Tittle's control-balance theory, refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  theft, rape, homicide, robbery, and assault. 
B)  price-fixing, unsafe workplaces, influence peddling, and contract killing. 
C)  autocratic behavior, ethnic cleansing, and environmental destruction. 
D)  group sex with children, humiliating others for entertainment, and sadistic torture. 
A)  theft, rape, homicide, robbery, and assault. 
B)  price-fixing, unsafe workplaces, influence peddling, and contract killing. 
C)  autocratic behavior, ethnic cleansing, and environmental destruction. 
D)  group sex with children, humiliating others for entertainment, and sadistic torture.

Question 18

A control deficit occurs when an individual

Accepted Answer

A)  exercises more control than he or she experiences. 
B)  experiences more control than she or he exercises. 
C)  has more power and authority than he or she knows how to handle. 
D)  has less power and authority than he or she knows how to handle. 
A)  exercises more control than he or she experiences. 
B)  experiences more control than she or he exercises. 
C)  has more power and authority than he or she knows how to handle. 
D)  has less power and authority than he or she knows how to handle.

Question 19

One problem with social control theory is its failure to address the effects of gender.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Hirschi advocated that

Accepted Answer

A)  childrearing classes be mandatory for all parents. 
B)  parents and teachers must cooperate for the well-being of children. 
C)  families should have incentives to raise conforming children. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  childrearing classes be mandatory for all parents. 
B)  parents and teachers must cooperate for the well-being of children. 
C)  families should have incentives to raise conforming children. 
D)  all of the above.

Using a social learning approach, criminal behavior is learned through direct conditioning or through imitation.

A basic premise of social learning theory is that social behavior is a

Hirschi has been criticized for being too

According to Sutherland, what two elements does the learning of criminal behavior include?

One advantage of Hirschi's theory is that it explains delinquency, white-collar crime, and political crime equally well.

In which forms of deviance are individuals with control deficits likely to engage?

In which forms of deviance are individuals with control surpluses likely to engage?

Proper parenting should include the following to ensure a healthy degree of self-control among children:

Briefly explain and critique the two key concepts of social control theory.

Discuss two similarities and two differences between Sutherland's "differential association" and Aker's "differential reinforcement."

Church involvement has a stronger control effect on male juveniles than sports.

According to Akers, social behavior is

Which of the following is among the four types of deviance outlined by Tittle's theory of control-balance?

According to Akers, surplus populations are created directly and indirectly.

If low self-control is both a symptom and a cause of crime, then the theory of self-control is

In a recent revision of social learning theory, Akers included __________ variables in the analysis.

Decadence, as outlined in Tittle's control-balance theory, refers to

A control deficit occurs when an individual

One problem with social control theory is its failure to address the effects of gender.

Hirschi advocated that

The Problem of Crime

The Measurement of Crime

Social Structure, Anomie, and Crime

Delinquent Subcultures, Subcultures of Delinquency, and the Labeling

The Conflict Tradition

Feminist and Critical Criminologies

Inequality, Crime, and Victimization

Property Crime

Interpersonal Violence

White-Collar Crime

Political Crime

Comparative Criminology and Globalization

Filters

Exam 6: Social Learning Theory and Social Control Theort

Using a social learning approach, criminal behavior is learned through direct conditioning or through imitation.

A basic premise of social learning theory is that social behavior is a

Hirschi has been criticized for being too

According to Sutherland, what two elements does the learning of criminal behavior include?

One advantage of Hirschi's theory is that it explains delinquency, white-collar crime, and political crime equally well.

In which forms of deviance are individuals with control deficits likely to engage?

In which forms of deviance are individuals with control surpluses likely to engage?

Proper parenting should include the following to ensure a healthy degree of self-control among children:

Briefly explain and critique the two key concepts of social control theory.

Discuss two similarities and two differences between Sutherland's "differential association" and Aker's "differential reinforcement."

Church involvement has a stronger control effect on male juveniles than sports.

According to Akers, social behavior is

Which of the following is among the four types of deviance outlined by Tittle's theory of control-balance?

According to Akers, surplus populations are created directly and indirectly.

If low self-control is both a symptom and a cause of crime, then the theory of self-control is

In a recent revision of social learning theory, Akers included __________ variables in the analysis.

Decadence, as outlined in Tittle's control-balance theory, refers to

A control deficit occurs when an individual

One problem with social control theory is its failure to address the effects of gender.

Hirschi advocated that

The Problem of Crime

The Measurement of Crime

Social Structure, Anomie, and Crime

Delinquent Subcultures, Subcultures of Delinquency, and the Labeling

The Conflict Tradition

Feminist and Critical Criminologies

Inequality, Crime, and Victimization

Property Crime

Interpersonal Violence

White-Collar Crime

Political Crime

Comparative Criminology and Globalization

Filters