Exam 1: What Is Philosophy

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Socrates admits that he is not wise.

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One's ordinary beliefs are philosophical beliefs.

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Russell claims that thinking about questions that do not admit of definitely correct answers is a way of

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Socrates compares himself with a "gadfly" and Athens with a lazy horse. He also claims that for the jury members to put him to death is to harm themselves more than him. What is he trying to say, and do you agree? Explain.

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Take a philosophical question considered somewhere else in this book and explain how it illustrates Russell's view about the value of philosophy.

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Russell claims that when a question has a definite answer it ceases to be a philosophical question and becomes a part of the sciences.

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What are the charges against Socrates? How does he claim to show that they are false?

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Russel contrasts philosophy with

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Meletus's self-contradiction is that he claims that Socrates

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The Beardsleys claim at the beginning of their essay that a reasonable belief is more likely true than one that is not. Is this a philosophical belief? Explore its logical connections to other beliefs they seem to hold and examine what reasons there are to think it true or false. Do they provide any justification for this belief?

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Socrates claims that for the jury to sentence him to death is to harm its members more than him because

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Consider the example of contradictory fundamental beliefs, in the paragraph that begins "The third benefit which the study of philosophy can confer…" Explain why belief in free will conflicts with belief in causal laws of nature. Can you resolve the apparent conflict? If so, explain how. If not, explain why not.

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Which of the following is not a benefit of studying philosophy?

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Socrates admits that he is wiser than most men.

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The value of philosophy, according to Russell, lies in goods of the

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Philosophical beliefs support many of one's ordinary beliefs.

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Socrates argues that the values of Athenians are misplaced.

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A professional philosopher

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Do the Beardsleys make a good case for the value of the study of philosophy? Explain.

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Socrates obeys the commands of a divine voice in his head.

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