Exam 1: Introduction to Criminology

Norms represent formal modes of control, codified rules of behavior.

Which of the following theories views criminality as a stigma attached by a societal reaction that is subject to shifting standards?

A purist legal view of crime would define it as violation of criminal law

Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as ______.

The interactionist model of law says that crime is defined by abstract meanings and symbols and is a label assigned by society.

In decades past, societies possessed cultural values that were practices and beliefs intended to benefit a group of people. Cultural values do not hold the same level of importance today.

A particular crime is punishable by five years in prison; this crime is most likely ______.

Folkways refer to usages, traditions, customs, or niceties that are preferred but are not subject to serious sanctions, such as manners.

Identify the three stages of knowledge outlined by Auguste Comte.

List Sumner's three types of norms in the order from the least to the greatest.

Being arrested for possession of marijuana would be best described as an act ______.

Driving 26 miles per hour in an area where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour would be best described as an act ______.

What were Émile Durkheim's ideas concerning social change and crime?

Latent functions entail unintended or unanticipated consequences, ones that may have either positive or negative outcomes.

Mores are ______.

Identify two characteristics of a Gesellschaft society.

The early writings of ______, including his famous essay, On Crimes and Punishments, led to the reform of criminal law in Western Europe.