Question 1

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _____,whereas the BIS responds to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic factors; environmental factors 
B)  rewards; punishments 
C)  pain; pleasure 
D)  social rejection; social approval 
A)  genetic factors; environmental factors 
B)  rewards; punishments 
C)  pain; pleasure 
D)  social rejection; social approval B

Question 2

According to the _____ approach,the study of personality should focus on how people vary across common traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic 
B)  nomothetic 
C)  objective 
D)  projective 
A)  idiographic 
B)  nomothetic 
C)  objective 
D)  projective B

Question 3

Janine loves to get attention in social situations.She often talks about herself and her many achievements (which she usually exaggerates),and she believes others should perceive her as especially interesting,worthy,and valuable.Janine has:

Accepted Answer

A)  a social-evaluation phobia 
B)  high self-esteem 
C)  a narcissistic personality 
D)  a reactive self-concept 
A)  a social-evaluation phobia 
B)  high self-esteem 
C)  a narcissistic personality 
D)  a reactive self-concept C

Question 4

According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _____ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _____ new situations and people.

Accepted Answer

A)  approach; approach 
B)  avoid; avoid 
C)  avoid; approach 
D)  approach; avoid 
A)  approach; approach 
B)  avoid; avoid 
C)  avoid; approach 
D)  approach; avoid

Question 5

While recent research provides support for the existence of what Freud called defense mechanisms,these mechanisms are now viewed as:

Accepted Answer

A)  unimportant to mental functioning 
B)  psychologically costly to their user 
C)  strategies employed by the id rather than the ego 
D)  largely serving to protect our self-esteem 
A)  unimportant to mental functioning 
B)  psychologically costly to their user 
C)  strategies employed by the id rather than the ego 
D)  largely serving to protect our self-esteem

Question 6

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are you kind? 
B)  Is your best friend kind? 
C)  Is your mother kind? 
D)  Are most of the people you know kind? 
A)  Are you kind? 
B)  Is your best friend kind? 
C)  Is your mother kind? 
D)  Are most of the people you know kind?

Question 7

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking.Secretly,Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her.She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This example illustrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the superego is sometimes stronger than the ego when we balance the needs of the self and others 
B)  contents of the unconscious mind can become conscious 
C)  the libido is sometimes stronger than the pleasure principle in social situations 
D)  selfish behavior is often unintentional 
A)  the superego is sometimes stronger than the ego when we balance the needs of the self and others 
B)  contents of the unconscious mind can become conscious 
C)  the libido is sometimes stronger than the pleasure principle in social situations 
D)  selfish behavior is often unintentional

Question 8

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem 
B)  degree of psychopathology 
C)  sexual conflicts 
D)  motivational traits 
A)  self-esteem 
B)  degree of psychopathology 
C)  sexual conflicts 
D)  motivational traits

Question 9

According to Freud,personality structure consists of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  all of the above 
A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Kyoung and Sohee,identical twins from Korea,were adopted when they were infants by two different families.Kyoung and Sohee grew up in different cities,went to different schools,and had sets of parents with quite different personalities.Which of the following people will be most similar to Kyoung in personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  her adoptive mom 
B)  a female sibling in her adoptive family 
C)  her biological mom 
D)  Sohee 
A)  her adoptive mom 
B)  a female sibling in her adoptive family 
C)  her biological mom 
D)  Sohee

Question 11

_____ measures assess personality through self-report questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

A)  Projective 
B)  Nomothetic 
C)  Objective 
D)  Idiographic 
A)  Projective 
B)  Nomothetic 
C)  Objective 
D)  Idiographic

Question 12

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders 
B)  identifies many adults and children as psychologically disturbed when in fact they are not 
C)  is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use 
D)  reliably assesses id/ego/superego conflicts but not specific psychological disorders 
A)  does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders 
B)  identifies many adults and children as psychologically disturbed when in fact they are not 
C)  is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use 
D)  reliably assesses id/ego/superego conflicts but not specific psychological disorders

Question 13

Which of the following constructs is most clearly knowledge based?

Accepted Answer

A)  the self 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  self-evaluation 
D)  self-schema 
A)  the self 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  self-evaluation 
D)  self-schema

Question 14

In Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality,the most general or superordinate traits are:

Accepted Answer

A)  introversion/extraversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism 
B)  sociability, dominance, and assertiveness 
C)  conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism 
D)  introversion/extraversion, sociability, and neuroticism 
A)  introversion/extraversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism 
B)  sociability, dominance, and assertiveness 
C)  conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism 
D)  introversion/extraversion, sociability, and neuroticism

Question 15

James is very low in Eysenck's personality trait of psychoticism.Thus you would expect him also to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat cynical 
B)  moderately impulsive 
C)  a caring person 
D)  very outgoing 
A)  somewhat cynical 
B)  moderately impulsive 
C)  a caring person 
D)  very outgoing

Question 16

A science teacher takes her class to a wildlife refuge so the students can observe monkeys in their natural habitats.The teacher states that monkeys,like humans,have different personalities.The students think it is ridiculous to say that animals have "personality." Who is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The students are right; humans have personality and animals do not. 
B)  The students are mostly right; people may "perceive" that animals have personality, but in fact humans only "project" personality characteristics onto animals. 
C)  The teacher is right; but monkeys show their personality differences only in basic survival behaviors, such as eating and sleeping. 
D)  The teacher is right; monkeys show differences on basic human personality dimensions, such as extraversion and agreeableness. 
A)  The students are right; humans have personality and animals do not. 
B)  The students are mostly right; people may "perceive" that animals have personality, but in fact humans only "project" personality characteristics onto animals. 
C)  The teacher is right; but monkeys show their personality differences only in basic survival behaviors, such as eating and sleeping. 
D)  The teacher is right; monkeys show differences on basic human personality dimensions, such as extraversion and agreeableness.

Question 17

A major change in how psychologists have approached the study of personality over the last several decades is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genes have become less important over time 
B)  more emphasis is now placed on the important role played by parenting styles 
C)  there is now less interest in what are called the Big Five personality traits 
D)  psychologists have increasingly recognized the importance of biological factors in determining personality 
A)  genes have become less important over time 
B)  more emphasis is now placed on the important role played by parenting styles 
C)  there is now less interest in what are called the Big Five personality traits 
D)  psychologists have increasingly recognized the importance of biological factors in determining personality

Question 18

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  social conformity theory 
B)  self-other comparison theory 
C)  sociometer theory 
D)  self-appraisal theory 
A)  social conformity theory 
B)  self-other comparison theory 
C)  sociometer theory 
D)  self-appraisal theory

Question 19

Shahar really wanted to go to a concert.However,her mom said Shahar could not go,because she was very irresponsible about doing her chores.Shahar thought about climbing out the window and going to the concert anyway,but she decided her mom would be very upset.Instead,Shahar suggested to her mom that if she completed all her chores,the next time the band played in her town,her mom should let her go.Her mom agreed that Shahar's proposal was fair.Shahar had used her _____ to develop a reasonable solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  life instinct 
A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  life instinct

Question 20

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from:

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict between the id and the superego 
B)  parents' lack of unconditional positive regard for their children 
C)  the inability to bring preconscious wishes into consciousness 
D)  the development of sexual instincts 
A)  conflict between the id and the superego 
B)  parents' lack of unconditional positive regard for their children 
C)  the inability to bring preconscious wishes into consciousness 
D)  the development of sexual instincts

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _,whereas the BIS responds to _.

According to the _____ approach,the study of personality should focus on how people vary across common traits.

Janine loves to get attention in social situations.She often talks about herself and her many achievements (which she usually exaggerates),and she believes others should perceive her as especially interesting,worthy,and valuable.Janine has:

According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _ new situations and people.

While recent research provides support for the existence of what Freud called defense mechanisms,these mechanisms are now viewed as:

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking.Secretly,Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her.She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This example illustrates that:

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

According to Freud,personality structure consists of the:

_____ measures assess personality through self-report questionnaires.

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

Which of the following constructs is most clearly knowledge based?

In Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality,the most general or superordinate traits are:

James is very low in Eysenck's personality trait of psychoticism.Thus you would expect him also to be:

A science teacher takes her class to a wildlife refuge so the students can observe monkeys in their natural habitats.The teacher states that monkeys,like humans,have different personalities.The students think it is ridiculous to say that animals have "personality." Who is correct?

A major change in how psychologists have approached the study of personality over the last several decades is that:

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _____,whereas the BIS responds to _____.

According to the _____ approach,the study of personality should focus on how people vary across common traits.

Janine loves to get attention in social situations.She often talks about herself and her many achievements (which she usually exaggerates),and she believes others should perceive her as especially interesting,worthy,and valuable.Janine has:

According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _____ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _____ new situations and people.

While recent research provides support for the existence of what Freud called defense mechanisms,these mechanisms are now viewed as:

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking.Secretly,Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her.She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This example illustrates that:

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

According to Freud,personality structure consists of the:

_____ measures assess personality through self-report questionnaires.

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

Which of the following constructs is most clearly knowledge based?

In Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality,the most general or superordinate traits are:

James is very low in Eysenck's personality trait of psychoticism.Thus you would expect him also to be:

A science teacher takes her class to a wildlife refuge so the students can observe monkeys in their natural habitats.The teacher states that monkeys,like humans,have different personalities.The students think it is ridiculous to say that animals have "personality." Who is correct?

A major change in how psychologists have approached the study of personality over the last several decades is that:

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _,whereas the BIS responds to _.

According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _ new situations and people.