Exam 11: Mechanisms of Pain and Use of Therapeutic Modalities

Which of the following best reflects the evidence-based recommendations for the duration of a TENS treatment when used for knee osteoarthritis?

___________ is a form of amplitude modulated alternating current and __________ is a form of burst modulated alternating current.

Which mode of TENS is best described as eliciting strong sensory paresthesia but without motor activation?

Stimulation of large-diameter A-beta afferents to activate local inhibitory circuits in the dorsal horn best describes what analgesic mechanism of TENS?

All of the following are generally accepted as contraindications to TENS except which one?

Which of the following best describes the recommended increase in current amplitude when using TENS?

Electrode placement for TENS should be selected based on which of the following?

Which of the following best describes the evidence regarding concurrent use of caffeine and TENS for pain modulation?

Which of the following modes of TENS is best described as using a low-pulse frequency, high intensity to evoke visible muscle contractions?

Which of the following modes of TENS is administered with a pulse frequency of 100 Hz and a pulse duration of 100 µsec?

Modulation of the temporal characteristics of interferential current is best known as what?

Modulation of the beat frequency when using interferential current is known as which of the following?

Which of the following types of pain is the result of real tissue damage caused by infection, trauma, or the progression of a metabolic disorder or degenerative disease?

Which of the following best describes the evidence-supported level of stimulation amplitude, or intensity, to be used when administering TENS?

What is the correct term for the amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system resulting in an increased perception of pain?

When selecting small electrodes to administer TENS, which of the following must be considered in regard to the patient's perception and tolerance of the stimulation?

What are the three most common parameters used to provide the different modes of TENS?

Analgesic tolerance is most likely to occur with what type of opioid receptor?

Which of the following may occur with the co-administration of opioid medication and TENS?

Which of the following best describes why application of TENS near or over a pregnant uterus is considered a contraindication?