Exam 3: Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

As compared to land surfaces, water bodies tend to have ________ evaporation rates, ________ specific heat capacity, ________ transmissibility, and ________ flowing movements or currents. These characteristics together produce more ________ temperatures over the ocean as compared to more ________ temperature patterns over the continents. These conditions over the oceans are termed ________ whereas over land conditions are described with the term ________.

The $\underline { \text { average } }$ annual temperature of a location is controlled primarily by $\underline { \text { latitude } }$ .

On a cloudy day, Earth's surface receives

Which of the following is false of climate change in Arctic regions?

The highest maximum temperatures recorded on Earth occur in interior deserts during July because

Average air temperatures at higher elevations are generally higher, with smaller differences between areas of direct sunlight and shadow.

The passage of shortwave and longwave energy through the atmosphere or water is an example of

Which of the following is true regarding anthropogenic heat production in cities?

Earth's blue sky is a result of diffuse reflection called scattering.

During summer, cities located near the coast are ________ than those in the interior at the same latitude, while in the winter they are ________.

Which of the following is true of the albedo of water?

At higher temperatures, the human body tends to experience a decrease in muscle tone and urine volume.

Mirages (such as the appearance of "water" on a dry, hot road) are caused by

Ocean temperatures near San Francisco reached record low levels prior to the 1997 El Niño.

Air pollution acts to ________ the albedo of cities and therefore ________ the urban heat island effect.

The temperature control that specifically relates to opaqueness is

When light passes from one medium to another

Earth's average overall albedo is

The single most important control on temperature is

High latitudes have a $\underline { \text { higher } }$ albedo in winter than do low latitudes.