Exam 6: Concurrent Processes

Java was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., and released in 1995 as the first software platform that promised to allow programmers to code an application with the capability to run on any computer.

The ____ configuration is an asymmetric multiprocessing system.

When a computer evaluates the expression A = 3 * B * C + 4 / (D + E) ** (F - G), in a sequential manner, ____ is evaluated as a first step.

Multiplying two 3x3 matrices requires 45 operations when performed in parallel using three processors.

Lock and key synchronization must take place within a single ____.

____ semaphores are used in the solution to the readers and writers problem that does not involve starvation.

A problem with test-and-set is that when many processes are waiting to enter a critical region, ____ could occur because the processes gain access in an arbitrary fashion.

Parallel processing is a situation in which two or more processors operate in unison.

The common element in all synchronization schemes is to allow a process to finish work on a critical region of the program before other processes have access to it.

Once a thread is in the ready state, the state it can enter next is ____.

The loosely coupled configuration features several complete computer systems, each with its own memory, I/O devices, CPU, and operating system.

A semaphore is a negative integer variable that is used as a binary signal.

Most current operating systems support the implementation of threads, or ____, which have become part of numerous application packages.

____ semaphores are used in the producer and consumer problem.

Test-and-set is a single indivisible machine instruction known simply as TS and was introduced by IBM for its multiprocessing System 360/370 computers.

Multiprocessing can refer to one job using several processors to execute sets of instructions in parallel.

The two operations identified by Dijkstra to be performed on a semaphore are ____.

For many computational purposes, serial processing is sufficient; it's easy to implement and fast enough for most users.

When the costs of CPU hardware began to decline in the mid-____s, multiprocessor systems with dozens of CPUs found their way into business environments.

The source code of a Java program is first compiled into an intermediate language called Java ____, which are platform-independent.