Question 1

Cherry (1953) used dichotic listening to show that input from the unattended ear

Accepted Answer

A)  was processed for perceptual features but not for meaning 
B)  was processed for meaning but not for perceptual features 
C)  was processed for both perceptual features and for meaning 
D)  was not processed in any way 
A)  was processed for perceptual features but not for meaning 
B)  was processed for meaning but not for perceptual features 
C)  was processed for both perceptual features and for meaning 
D)  was not processed in any way A

Question 2

Posner (1980) argued that attention works like

Accepted Answer

A)  a controller of general perceptual intensity 
B)  a controller of perceptual inhibition 
C)  glue that sticks the features of objects together 
D)  a spotlight that shines on a particular part of the input field 
A)  a controller of general perceptual intensity 
B)  a controller of perceptual inhibition 
C)  glue that sticks the features of objects together 
D)  a spotlight that shines on a particular part of the input field D

Question 3

Describe the experiments (2) that provide evidence for the Late Selection theory of attention.

Accepted Answer

One experiment that provides evidence for the Late Selection theory of attention is the study conducted by Donald MacKay in 1973. In this experiment, participants were presented with a series of words that were either congruent or incongruent with a preceding sentence. For example, participants might see the word "doctor" after hearing the sentence "The nurse helped the..." or the word "bread" after hearing the sentence "He spread the...". The results showed that participants were more likely to recall the incongruent words, suggesting that they had processed the meaning of the words before they were selected for further processing, supporting the idea of late selection.

Another experiment that supports the Late Selection theory is the study by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade in 1980. In this experiment, participants were presented with a series of letters and were asked to shadow (repeat aloud) one of the messages while ignoring the other. Unbeknownst to the participants, the unattended message contained their own name. Despite not consciously attending to the unattended message, participants were able to detect their own name, indicating that some level of processing had occurred before the selection of information for conscious awareness, providing further evidence for the Late Selection theory of attention.

Question 4

Norman and Shallice (1986) propose that attention is required for situations that

Accepted Answer

A)  demand planning or decision-making 
B)  contain novel sequences of actions 
C)  require overcoming a habitual response 
D)  all of the above (i.e. a + b + c) 
A)  demand planning or decision-making 
B)  contain novel sequences of actions 
C)  require overcoming a habitual response 
D)  all of the above (i.e. a + b + c)

Question 5

Strayer and Drews (2007) found that the event related potential (ERP) attentional response to the car in front braking

Accepted Answer

A)  was unaffected by the use of a mobile phone 
B)  was reduced by 10% by the use of a mobile phone 
C)  was reduced by 50% by the use of a mobile phone 
D)  was reduce by 100% by the use of a mobile phone 
A)  was unaffected by the use of a mobile phone 
B)  was reduced by 10% by the use of a mobile phone 
C)  was reduced by 50% by the use of a mobile phone 
D)  was reduce by 100% by the use of a mobile phone

Question 6

Treisman and Gelade's (1980) feature integration theory argues that attention acts as

Accepted Answer

A)  a controller of general perceptual intensity 
B)  a controller of perceptual inhibition 
C)  glue that sticks the features of objects together 
D)  a spotlight that shines on a particular part of the field of view 
A)  a controller of general perceptual intensity 
B)  a controller of perceptual inhibition 
C)  glue that sticks the features of objects together 
D)  a spotlight that shines on a particular part of the field of view

Question 7

Conway et al. (2001) found that people with a low digit span are

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to hear their own name on the unattended channel 
B)  less likely to hear their own name on the unattended channel 
C)  more likely to hear their own name on the attended channel 
D)  less likely to hear their own name on the attended channel 
A)  more likely to hear their own name on the unattended channel 
B)  less likely to hear their own name on the unattended channel 
C)  more likely to hear their own name on the attended channel 
D)  less likely to hear their own name on the attended channel

Question 8

The late selection model of Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) argues that

Accepted Answer

A)  all inputs are analysed for meaning prior to selection 
B)  no inputs are analysed for meaning prior to selection 
C)  some inputs are analysed for meaning after selection 
D)  all inputs are analysed for meaning after selection 
A)  all inputs are analysed for meaning prior to selection 
B)  no inputs are analysed for meaning prior to selection 
C)  some inputs are analysed for meaning after selection 
D)  all inputs are analysed for meaning after selection

Question 9

Cherry's dichotic listening experiment suggested that the processing bottleneck occurred

Accepted Answer

A)  before perceptual processing 
B)  between perceptual processing and semantic processing 
C)  after semantic processing 
D)  after registration in short-term memory 
A)  before perceptual processing 
B)  between perceptual processing and semantic processing 
C)  after semantic processing 
D)  after registration in short-term memory

Question 10

Corbetta and Schulman (2002) found evidence for two separate attention systems which are

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus-driven and response-driven 
B)  data-driven and stimulus-driven 
C)  response-driven and goal-driven 
D)  stimulus-driven and goal-driven 
A)  stimulus-driven and response-driven 
B)  data-driven and stimulus-driven 
C)  response-driven and goal-driven 
D)  stimulus-driven and goal-driven

Question 11

Norman and Shallice's (1986) model can explain the Stroop effect by suggesting that

Accepted Answer

A)  the SAS helps the colour schema to overcome the word schema 
B)  the SAS helps the word schema to overcome the colour schema 
C)  the SAS strengthens both the word schema and the colour schema 
D)  the SAS inhibits both the word schema and the colour schema 
A)  the SAS helps the colour schema to overcome the word schema 
B)  the SAS helps the word schema to overcome the colour schema 
C)  the SAS strengthens both the word schema and the colour schema 
D)  the SAS inhibits both the word schema and the colour schema

Question 12

The Stroop task offers an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  interference from controlled processing 
B)  interference from automatic processing 
C)  facilitation from controlled processing 
D)  facilitation from automatic processing 
A)  interference from controlled processing 
B)  interference from automatic processing 
C)  facilitation from controlled processing 
D)  facilitation from automatic processing

Question 13

Attention works like

Accepted Answer

A)  a controller of general perceptual intensity 
B)  glue that sticks the features of objects together 
C)  a spotlight that shines on a particular part of the input field 
D)  Both b and c 
A)  a controller of general perceptual intensity 
B)  glue that sticks the features of objects together 
C)  a spotlight that shines on a particular part of the input field 
D)  Both b and c

Question 14

According to Desimone and Duncan (1995), the main characteristic of attention is

Accepted Answer

A)  that it is visual 
B)  that it is auditory 
C)  that it is unlimited 
D)  that it is limited 
A)  that it is visual 
B)  that it is auditory 
C)  that it is unlimited 
D)  that it is limited

Question 15

Miyake et al. (2000) found evidence for three types of executive function, which are

Accepted Answer

A)  suppression, shifting, updating 
B)  suppression, changing, updating 
C)  inhibition, shifting, renewing 
D)  inhibition, shifting, updating 
A)  suppression, shifting, updating 
B)  suppression, changing, updating 
C)  inhibition, shifting, renewing 
D)  inhibition, shifting, updating

Question 16

Broadbent's (1958) filter model proposes that selective attention involves

Accepted Answer

A)  no bottleneck 
B)  several bottlenecks 
C)  early selection 
D)  late selection 
A)  no bottleneck 
B)  several bottlenecks 
C)  early selection 
D)  late selection

Question 17

Broadbent's (1958) filter model proposes that selective attention involves
.

Accepted Answer

Broadbent's (1958) filter model, also kn

Question 18

Saling and Phillips (2007) found that the development of automaticity involved

Accepted Answer

A)  a shift in brain activity from sub-cortical areas to cortical areas 
B)  a shift in brain activity from cortical areas to sub-cortical areas 
C)  a shift in brain activity from parietal cortex to frontal cortex 
D)  a shift in brain activity from sub-cortical areas to frontal cortex 
A)  a shift in brain activity from sub-cortical areas to cortical areas 
B)  a shift in brain activity from cortical areas to sub-cortical areas 
C)  a shift in brain activity from parietal cortex to frontal cortex 
D)  a shift in brain activity from sub-cortical areas to frontal cortex

Question 19

Breakthrough refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  content from the attended channel reaching conscious awareness 
B)  content from the unattended channel reaching conscious awareness 
C)  content from the attended channel being ignored 
D)  content from the unattended channel being ignored 
A)  content from the attended channel reaching conscious awareness 
B)  content from the unattended channel reaching conscious awareness 
C)  content from the attended channel being ignored 
D)  content from the unattended channel being ignored

Question 20

Navon (1997) found that incongruence of local/global items

Accepted Answer

A)  interfered with identification of global items 
B)  interfered with identifying local items 
C)  interfered with identification of both local and global items 
D)  did not interefere with identification of any type of item 
A)  interfered with identification of global items 
B)  interfered with identifying local items 
C)  interfered with identification of both local and global items 
D)  did not interefere with identification of any type of item

Cherry (1953) used dichotic listening to show that input from the unattended ear

Posner (1980) argued that attention works like

Describe the experiments (2) that provide evidence for the Late Selection theory of attention.

Norman and Shallice (1986) propose that attention is required for situations that

Strayer and Drews (2007) found that the event related potential (ERP) attentional response to the car in front braking

Treisman and Gelade's (1980) feature integration theory argues that attention acts as

Conway et al. (2001) found that people with a low digit span are

The late selection model of Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) argues that

Cherry's dichotic listening experiment suggested that the processing bottleneck occurred

Corbetta and Schulman (2002) found evidence for two separate attention systems which are

Norman and Shallice's (1986) model can explain the Stroop effect by suggesting that

The Stroop task offers an example of

Attention works like

According to Desimone and Duncan (1995), the main characteristic of attention is

Miyake et al. (2000) found evidence for three types of executive function, which are

Broadbent's (1958) filter model proposes that selective attention involves

Broadbent's (1958) filter model proposes that selective attention involves .

Saling and Phillips (2007) found that the development of automaticity involved

Breakthrough refers to

Navon (1997) found that incongruence of local/global items

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perception

Disorders of Perception and Attention

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Disorders of Memory

Thinking and Problem-Solving

Disorders of Thinking and Problem-Solving

Language

Disorders of Language

Cognition and Emotion

Filters

Exam 3: Attention

Cherry (1953) used dichotic listening to show that input from the unattended ear

Posner (1980) argued that attention works like

Describe the experiments (2) that provide evidence for the Late Selection theory of attention.

Norman and Shallice (1986) propose that attention is required for situations that

Strayer and Drews (2007) found that the event related potential (ERP) attentional response to the car in front braking

Treisman and Gelade's (1980) feature integration theory argues that attention acts as

Conway et al. (2001) found that people with a low digit span are

The late selection model of Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) argues that

Cherry's dichotic listening experiment suggested that the processing bottleneck occurred

Corbetta and Schulman (2002) found evidence for two separate attention systems which are

Norman and Shallice's (1986) model can explain the Stroop effect by suggesting that

The Stroop task offers an example of

Attention works like

According to Desimone and Duncan (1995), the main characteristic of attention is

Miyake et al. (2000) found evidence for three types of executive function, which are

Broadbent's (1958) filter model proposes that selective attention involves

Broadbent's (1958) filter model proposes that selective attention involves .

Saling and Phillips (2007) found that the development of automaticity involved

Breakthrough refers to

Navon (1997) found that incongruence of local/global items

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perception

Disorders of Perception and Attention

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Disorders of Memory

Thinking and Problem-Solving

Disorders of Thinking and Problem-Solving

Language

Disorders of Language

Cognition and Emotion

Filters