Exam 1: Introduction

Like science, people in everyday life need and use knowledge of the world. Yet science has a "different worldview". Explain what the philosopher Thomas Nagel's meant by the idea of "Science as the view from nowhere".

What is the casual approach and how does it contrast with the positivist approach to science?

Match philosophical account of theories to its description. -semantic

Sir Karl Popper formulated his demarcation criterion as a rule:

Logical Positivism: Match type of term to a suitable example -observation

Logical Positivism: Match type of term to a suitable example -theoretical

Match philosophical account of theories to its description. -syntactic

Summarize the key differences between positivism, the nomological approach (e.g. Hempel-Oppenheim model) and the casual approach.

To the positivist, a shortcoming of the causal perspective or explanation is:

The author of the text notes that the most important historical source of science's view from nowhere was ________.

Like Wittgenstein, the Weltanschauung approach to science views science as being:

The author of the text notes that recent history of science tends to be more _______, considering science within a larger social-historical context and pattern.

The author of the text notes that there are two reasons why psychologists have underestimated the influence of religious ideas of the soul (psyche) on conceptions of the mind. One of these reasons is:

The "New History" criticizes the "Old History" for:

When in the development of science an old theory's laws are found to be explainable in terms of the laws of a more basic theory, then the latter theory has _________ the former.

In the Hempel and Oppenheim covering-law model of explanation, explanation is basically the same as:

Summarize the historical dispute between those who see "Great Men as the makers of history" and those who adopt the perspective of a "Zeitgeist" to history.

Describe the "layer-cake" picture of science advanced by the positivists.

Match model of explanation to description. -causal

Summarize Sir Karl Popper's approach to scientific change. Describe Popper's demarcation criterion and its usefulness. How does Popper's theory differ from Kuhn's theory of science?