Exam 1: The Future of Counseling: Becoming Multiculturally Competent

In the 1960s, language such as "culturally disadvantaged" was often used to describe people of color; minorities were seen as being nutritionally deprived which contributed to mental retardation or as socioculturally deprived due to a lack of role models or parental encouragement. The underlying message was that a minority person's culture was _______to that of the majority.

A huge barrier for ethnic minority graduate students to go to school has to do with finances. One survey of doctoral students in psychology found that Black and Latino students relied more on their families and teaching assistantships for financial support.

The multicultural training technique that has perhaps received the most attention is the _____ developed by Pedersen in which participants take the roles of counselor, client, and problem to simulate a counseling session.

Although training curriculums can vary quite a bit, three central elements of a model curriculum are:

All of the major _____ were developed by people of European or Euro-American descent.

Some of the dimensions that may differ for clients and counselors include their ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, ability, religion, socioeconomic class, and race.

Only ethnic minority counselors benefit from multicultural training

Students from the dominant culture may have cognitive and emotional difficulty with the concept of _____ in acknowledging their possible power advantages.

One way to view ____________ is to think of it as a common ancestry that provides members with a shared sense of identity and history. This concept may encompass people of various races.

The current field of multicultural counseling has arisen from the central idea that cultural differences between counselor and client are potentially ____ if accepted and included in the counseling process.

Graduate students in a master's level program that infuses multicultural training across much of the curriculum, including a one-year internship experience, should consider themselves fully and completely trained in multicultural approaches by the end of their school program.

It is safe to assume that counselors from cultural minority groups are able to relate to clients from the dominant culture as well as with clients from other cultural minority groups.

A very common format for multicultural training, _____, is often criticized.

Multicultural training is a requirement for licensure or certification in most states.

The discussion around etic and emic perspectives can be summarized as a discussion around _______.