Exam 7: Plato Why Should We Be Good

According to Mill, "The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, ________, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness."

According to Thomson, "A further objection to so using the term 'right' that from the fact that A ought to do a thing for B it follows that B has a right against A that A do it for him, is that it is going to make the question of whether or not a man has a right to a thing turn on how easy it is to provide him with it; and this seems not merely unfortunate, but metaphysically invalid."

According to the received nature, or common view of justice (not Socrates's view), people who practice justice do so ...

According to Hursthouse, "the complaint that virtue ethics does not produce codifiable principles is still a commonly voiced criticism of the approach, expressed as the objection that it is, in principle, unable to provide action-guidance."

According to Harris, "No doubt if the scheme were ever to be implemented a suitable euphemism for 'killed' would be employed. Perhaps we would begin to talk about citizens being called upon to __________ to others."

According to Hume, "No satisfactory answer can be given to any of these questions, upon the abstract hypothesis of _________; and we must at last acknowledge, that the crime or immorality is no particular fact or relation, which can be the object of the understanding, but arises entirely from the sentiment of disapprobation."

According to Wong, "A reason why relativism has been feared is the thought that it could easily slide into moral nihilism." Do you agree with this view? Explain your answer.

Explain what Singer means when he says, "The issue here is: Where should we draw the line between conduct that is required and conduct that is good although not required, so as to get the best possible result? This would seem to be an empirical question, although a very difficult one."

According to Mill, "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a ..."

According to Harris, "No doubt if the scheme were ever to be implemented a suitable euphemism for 'killed' would be employed. Perhaps we would begin to talk about citizens being called upon to 'give life' to others."

According to Harris, "the feeling that no man should be required to lay down his life for others makes many people shy away from such a scheme, even though it might be fanatical to accept it on prudential grounds, and perhaps even mandatory on utilitarian grounds."

Explain what Kant means when he says, "ethics may also be defined as the system of the ends of the pure practical reason."

According to Huxley, "Social progress means a checking of the cosmic process at every step and the substitution for it of another, which may be called the ________________; the end of which is not the survival of those who may happen to be the fittest, in respect of the whole of the conditions which obtain, but of those who are ethically the best."

Explain the doctrine of epistemological relativism.

According to Thomson, "the arguments against abortion we are looking at do grant that the woman has a right to decide what happens in and to her body. But although they do grant it, I have tried to show that they do not take seriously what is done in granting it."

Aristotle says, "By faculties, I mean appetite, anger, fear, confidence, envy, joy, friendly feeling, hatred, longing, emulation, pity, and in general the feelings that are accompanied by pleasure or pain."

According to Wong, "Morality-specific relativism divides into __________ and ___________ versions."

According to Hanley, a very common intuition concerning the putative wrongness of human cloning is "the description of cloning as 'replication' rather than 'reproduction,' with the implication that cloning is a threat to ..."

According to Kant, "There is in fact no other determination of the basic instinct, except that to an end, which in the very notion of it implies that I cannot even physically be forced to it by the elective will of others."

According to the received nature, or common view of justice (not Socrates's view), the perfectly and completely just person must suffer through life and appear unjust to society to prove he or she is truly just.