Exam 4: Plato the Beginning of Everything

For Anselm, "A thing may be conceived in two ways: (1) when the word signifying it is _________; (2) when the thing itself is _________."

Lammenranta tells us that "Descartes says in one passage that without knowledge of non-deceiving God he does not see how he can ever be certain of anything."

Lammenranta says of Descartes's arguments, "These passages entail that clear and distinct perception is not sufficient for knowledge or certainty. One must know in addition that God exists and is ..."

Do you agree with Masham when she says, "From what has been said, I think it does appear, that irrational instruction concerning religion, as well as want of instruction, disposes to skepticism"?

According to Descartes, "Will it be said that perhaps I am dreaming (an objection I lately myself raised), or that all the thoughts of which I am now conscious have no more truth than the reveries of my dreams? But although, in truth, I should be dreaming, the rule still holds that all which is clearly presented to my intellect is ..."

Masham claims that "Religion being (as I shall take it at present for granted) the only sufficient ground or solid support of ..."

Kierkegaard argues that although we think our proofs get close to proving God's existence, the final step is always a leap of faith.

Demea asserts as a general principle that ...

Lammenranta asserts that "because Descartes's proof presupposes that reason is ________, it is hard to see how he could remove these doubts by it."

According to Mackie, it is sometimes suggested that "The universe is better with some evil in it than it could be if there were no evil." Mackie criticizes this position when he argues that "we should be well on the way to an ______________, where the solution of a problem of evil, stated in terms of evil-n, indicated the existence of an evil-(n + 1), and a farther problem to be solved."

What is Paley's point when he claims that "It is not necessary that a machine be perfect, in order to show with what design it was made: still less necessary, where the only question is, whether it were made with any design at all"?

Anselm claims that "whatever is understood, exists in the understanding. And assuredly that, than which nothing greater can be conceived, cannot exist in the understanding alone. For, suppose it exists in the understanding alone: then it can be conceived to exist in _______, which is greater."