Question 1

Which of the following statements about lightness perception is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  We first perceive the lightness of objects in a visual scene and then organize them. 
B)  We first make depth perception judgments and then make lightness judgments. 
C)  We first organize the visual scene and then determine the lightness of objects. 
D)  both B and C 
A)  We first perceive the lightness of objects in a visual scene and then organize them. 
B)  We first make depth perception judgments and then make lightness judgments. 
C)  We first organize the visual scene and then determine the lightness of objects. 
D)  both B and C D

Question 2

Durations of fixations when looking at a scene or while reading:

Accepted Answer

A)  are always .2 seconds long and are independent of context 
B)  are always .2 seconds long and are dependent on context 
C)  vary in length and are independent of context 
D)  vary in length and are dependent on context 
A)  are always .2 seconds long and are independent of context 
B)  are always .2 seconds long and are dependent on context 
C)  vary in length and are independent of context 
D)  vary in length and are dependent on context D

Question 3

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myopes cannot focus on points that are far away. 
B)  Individuals that are farsighted typically have eyeballs that are shorter than normal. 
C)  Hypermetropes have closer far points and near points than people with normal vision. 
D)  For nearsighted individuals, distant objects are focused in front of the retina. 
A)  Myopes cannot focus on points that are far away. 
B)  Individuals that are farsighted typically have eyeballs that are shorter than normal. 
C)  Hypermetropes have closer far points and near points than people with normal vision. 
D)  For nearsighted individuals, distant objects are focused in front of the retina. C

Question 4

The visual angle of a person facing you in the distance:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes as she moves left or right 
B)  changes as she moves forward or backward 
C)  remains constant despite any changes in her position 
D)  both A and B 
A)  changes as she moves left or right 
B)  changes as she moves forward or backward 
C)  remains constant despite any changes in her position 
D)  both A and B

Question 5

When you engage in a real-life task, such as assembling a bicycle, you are likely to move your eyes to:

Accepted Answer

A)  guide an object (e.g., a screwdriver) toward another object (e.g., a screw) 
B)  locate an object (e.g., the wheels, a wrench) that is needed 
C)  check on the condition of an object (e.g., are the handlebars on straight?) 
D)  all of the above 
A)  guide an object (e.g., a screwdriver) toward another object (e.g., a screw) 
B)  locate an object (e.g., the wheels, a wrench) that is needed 
C)  check on the condition of an object (e.g., are the handlebars on straight?) 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following theories can fully explain lightness perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wallach's ratio principle 
B)  Helmholtz' theory 
C)  Brunzwik's probabilistic functionalism theory 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Wallach's ratio principle 
B)  Helmholtz' theory 
C)  Brunzwik's probabilistic functionalism theory 
D)  none of the above

Question 7

When a point on the retina is stimulated, the electrical activity of other adjacent points:

Accepted Answer

A)  increases, as a result of lateral inhibition 
B)  decreases, as a result of lateral inhibition 
C)  increases, as a result of spreading activation 
D)  decreases, as a result of spreading activation 
A)  increases, as a result of lateral inhibition 
B)  decreases, as a result of lateral inhibition 
C)  increases, as a result of spreading activation 
D)  decreases, as a result of spreading activation

Question 8

Bert is looking at a picture of a smiley face which contains two green eyes, a blue nose, and a red smile on a yellow face and is asked to stare at the blue nose. The picture is
 presented on a computer screen while his eye movements are being recorded.
 Furthermore, whenever his eyes move (even in the case of a microsaccade), the image
 moves with his eye such that the blue nose is always presented on the same location on
 his retina. After some time, what will Bert report seeing at the place of the nose?

Accepted Answer

A)  it will be green, just like the two eyes 
B)  it will be gray because the perception of color will fade 
C)  it will be yellow, just like the background 
D)  it will look like a black gap in the middle of the face 
A)  it will be green, just like the two eyes 
B)  it will be gray because the perception of color will fade 
C)  it will be yellow, just like the background 
D)  it will look like a black gap in the middle of the face

Question 9

Research studies using stabilized retinal images and those conducted on patients with scotomas indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  edges must move on the retina to be detected 
B)  we rely on context to fill in missing visual information 
C)  microsaccades are not entirely random 
D)  both A and B 
A)  edges must move on the retina to be detected 
B)  we rely on context to fill in missing visual information 
C)  microsaccades are not entirely random 
D)  both A and B

Question 10

Assume that Points 1, 2, and 3 are neighboring neural cells on the retina. In which of the following cases would the electrical activity at Point 2 be the GREATEST?

Accepted Answer

A)  a light is shined at Point 1, but not at Point 2 or Point 3 
B)  a light is shined at Point 2, but not at Point 1 or Point 3 
C)  a light is shined at Point 1 and Point 2 
D)  a light is shined at Point 1, Point 2, and Point 3 
A)  a light is shined at Point 1, but not at Point 2 or Point 3 
B)  a light is shined at Point 2, but not at Point 1 or Point 3 
C)  a light is shined at Point 1 and Point 2 
D)  a light is shined at Point 1, Point 2, and Point 3

Question 11

Which of the following statements about microsaccades is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are random in direction and length. 
B)  They are made unconsciously. 
C)  They take place rapidly. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  They are random in direction and length. 
B)  They are made unconsciously. 
C)  They take place rapidly. 
D)  none of the above

Question 12

The corrective lenses that help correct nearsightedness:

Accepted Answer

A)  affect vision for distant objects but not vision for nearby objects 
B)  focus distant objects further back in the eye and onto the retina 
C)  cause the light rays to converge more 
D)  all of the above 
A)  affect vision for distant objects but not vision for nearby objects 
B)  focus distant objects further back in the eye and onto the retina 
C)  cause the light rays to converge more 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

While brightness refers to __________________, lightness refers to __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  perceived luminance; perceived reflectance 
B)  perceived reflectance; perceived color 
C)  perceived color; perceived luminance 
D)  perceived reflectance; perceived luminance 
A)  perceived luminance; perceived reflectance 
B)  perceived reflectance; perceived color 
C)  perceived color; perceived luminance 
D)  perceived reflectance; perceived luminance

Question 14

Research indicates that we are able to extract the gist of a scene with:

Accepted Answer

A)  one fixation pause 
B)  five saccadic eye movements 
C)  five pursuit eye movements 
D)  saccadic suppression 
A)  one fixation pause 
B)  five saccadic eye movements 
C)  five pursuit eye movements 
D)  saccadic suppression

Question 15

The notion that we determine an object's lightness by comparing its brightness to that of other objects in the scene was proposed by: (p. 94)

Accepted Answer

A)  Egon Brunswik 
B)  Gustav Fechner 
C)  Hans Wallach 
D)  Hermann von Helmholtz 
A)  Egon Brunswik 
B)  Gustav Fechner 
C)  Hans Wallach 
D)  Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 16

Which of the following situations does NOT use version eye movements?

Accepted Answer

A)  reading a line of text from a book 
B)  viewing a painting in a museum 
C)  looking at a dog as it runs toward you 
D)  watching a bird fly past your window 
A)  reading a line of text from a book 
B)  viewing a painting in a museum 
C)  looking at a dog as it runs toward you 
D)  watching a bird fly past your window

Question 17

Jeff has presbyopia, so he:

Accepted Answer

A)  has trouble seeing distant objects because the image is focused in front of the retina 
B)  has trouble seeing distant objects because the image is focused behind the retina 
C)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because the image is focused in front of the retina 
D)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because the image is focused behind the retina 
A)  has trouble seeing distant objects because the image is focused in front of the retina 
B)  has trouble seeing distant objects because the image is focused behind the retina 
C)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because the image is focused in front of the retina 
D)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because the image is focused behind the retina

Question 18

The probabilistic functionalism approach to explaining lightness perception states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  our previous experiences shape our perceptions of lightness 
B)  we rely on an object's relative intensity rather than its absolute intensity 
C)  we rely on an object's absolute intensity rather than its relative intensity 
D)  we unconsciously infer the level of illumination of a Surface 
A)  our previous experiences shape our perceptions of lightness 
B)  we rely on an object's relative intensity rather than its absolute intensity 
C)  we rely on an object's absolute intensity rather than its relative intensity 
D)  we unconsciously infer the level of illumination of a Surface

Question 19

Alana is nearsighted and so she:

Accepted Answer

A)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because her eyeballs are longer than normal 
B)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because her eyeballs are shorter than normal 
C)  has trouble seeing distant objects because her eyeballs are longer than normal 
D)  has trouble seeing distant objects because her eyeballs are shorter than normal 
A)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because her eyeballs are longer than normal 
B)  has trouble seeing nearby objects because her eyeballs are shorter than normal 
C)  has trouble seeing distant objects because her eyeballs are longer than normal 
D)  has trouble seeing distant objects because her eyeballs are shorter than normal

Question 20

Lightness constancy occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  our perception of the distal stimulus remains the same in spite of changes in the proximal stimulus 
B)  our perception of the proximal stimulus remains the same in spite of changes in the distal stimulus 
C)  our perceptions of both the proximal stimulus and the distal stimulus change 
D)  none of the above 
A)  our perception of the distal stimulus remains the same in spite of changes in the proximal stimulus 
B)  our perception of the proximal stimulus remains the same in spite of changes in the distal stimulus 
C)  our perceptions of both the proximal stimulus and the distal stimulus change 
D)  none of the above

Which of the following statements about lightness perception is TRUE?

Durations of fixations when looking at a scene or while reading:

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The visual angle of a person facing you in the distance:

When you engage in a real-life task, such as assembling a bicycle, you are likely to move your eyes to:

Which of the following theories can fully explain lightness perception?

When a point on the retina is stimulated, the electrical activity of other adjacent points:

Research studies using stabilized retinal images and those conducted on patients with scotomas indicate that:

Assume that Points 1, 2, and 3 are neighboring neural cells on the retina. In which of the following cases would the electrical activity at Point 2 be the GREATEST?

Which of the following statements about microsaccades is FALSE?

The corrective lenses that help correct nearsightedness:

While brightness refers to , lightness refers to .

Research indicates that we are able to extract the gist of a scene with:

The notion that we determine an object's lightness by comparing its brightness to that of other objects in the scene was proposed by: (p. 94)

Which of the following situations does NOT use version eye movements?

Jeff has presbyopia, so he:

The probabilistic functionalism approach to explaining lightness perception states that:

Alana is nearsighted and so she:

Lightness constancy occurs when:

Introduction

Research Methods

The Visual System

Visual Pattern Perception

Distance and Size Perception

Color

Motion

The Auditory System

Basic Auditory Functions

Auditory Pattern Perception

The Skin Senses

The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

Perceptual Development

Filters

Exam 4: Basic Visual Functions

Which of the following statements about lightness perception is TRUE?

Durations of fixations when looking at a scene or while reading:

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The visual angle of a person facing you in the distance:

When you engage in a real-life task, such as assembling a bicycle, you are likely to move your eyes to:

Which of the following theories can fully explain lightness perception?

When a point on the retina is stimulated, the electrical activity of other adjacent points:

Research studies using stabilized retinal images and those conducted on patients with scotomas indicate that:

Assume that Points 1, 2, and 3 are neighboring neural cells on the retina. In which of the following cases would the electrical activity at Point 2 be the GREATEST?

Which of the following statements about microsaccades is FALSE?

The corrective lenses that help correct nearsightedness:

While brightness refers to __________________, lightness refers to __________________.

Research indicates that we are able to extract the gist of a scene with:

The notion that we determine an object's lightness by comparing its brightness to that of other objects in the scene was proposed by: (p. 94)

Which of the following situations does NOT use version eye movements?

Jeff has presbyopia, so he:

The probabilistic functionalism approach to explaining lightness perception states that:

Alana is nearsighted and so she:

Lightness constancy occurs when:

Introduction

Research Methods

The Visual System

Visual Pattern Perception

Distance and Size Perception

Color

Motion

The Auditory System

Basic Auditory Functions

Auditory Pattern Perception

The Skin Senses

The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

Perceptual Development

Filters

While brightness refers to , lightness refers to .