Exam 2: Groups As Systems

No group, not even a cult, can survive without some input from outside the system.

There are usually more non-participating group members in smaller groups than in larger groups.

Group synergy occurs when

When a small group is so dysfunctional that it produces a worse result than would be expected based on perceived individual skills and abilities of members, this is called

A group should tighten its boundaries when both the quantity and type of outside influences place an undue stress on the group.

The best size for a decision-making group is the smallest size capable of performing the task effectively.

Structuration theory posits that a system such as a small group establishes structures for discussion and problem solving in the form of rules, roles, norms, and power distribution.

The best size for a group is

Negative information flowing to the top of a traditional organizational hierarchy tends to be restricted.

If speed in decision making is a chief concern, then a group of at least 7 members or more is critical.

Groups establish boundaries and thus regulate change by

Synergy is the result of

In your small group, you have a social loafer who has gradually de-motivated and frustrated almost every other group member with his lackluster effort. This is an example, in systems terms, called

Negative synergy occurs when

Throughput is the process of transforming input into entropy.

Synergy occurs in groups primarily by

High levels of stress and tension, divisive conflicts, boredom, and poor productivity are just some indicators of excessive openness or closedness in a system.

Deep diversity in groups means that members have strong values in common in a world marked by great variation in values.

A system sustains dynamic equilibrium when it regulates the degree, rate, and consistency of change.

All living systems must combat entropy, and they achieve this with input.