Exam 17: Police and Constitutional Law

Frisks are restricted to areas where suspects may be concealing weapons or other devices that could cause harm to the officer or others.

The plain view doctrine holds that officers may not seize evidence without a warrant if it is in view of the officer, even if the officer has justification for being present to view the evidence.

What type of searches do not require an announcement by police officers and are permitted by state statute, require judicial approval, and must be determined on an individual case basis?

What standard of proof would Officer Billings need to make an arrest without a warrant?

Describe the situations in which searches are permitted without a warrant.

Officer Tanger has probable cause to believe Frank committed a robbery. He engages in a foot chase with Frank, who runs into his home. Can Officer Tanger enter the home without a warrant?

Identify and discuss the four categories of exceptions to the exclusionary rule. Do you believe we should have exceptions to the rule? Why or why not?

The requirement that a confession or admission of guilt must be voluntary stems from _______, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a confession obtained from a suspect through police use of force was inadmissible.

Officers are unable to obtain an arrest warrant if they do not know the name of the individual they wish to arrest.

Individuals may grant the police permission to conduct a search without a warrant, although the permission must be voluntary, meaning that the police did not threaten or coerce the individual.

Miranda warnings are required at all times prior to questioning, even if the questioning of a suspect does not involve information that could be self-incriminating.

Which exception to the exclusionary rule permits the introduction of illegally seized evidence if it can be shown that the evidence would have or might have been obtained even if the officer had not illegally seized it?

What is a "Buie sweep"?

Miranda warnings are only necessary when a suspect has been taken into custody and is to be interrogated or questioned by law enforcement.

The U.S. Constitution requires officers to obtain an arrest warrant prior to making an arrest; however, most arrests are made without a warrant.

Which exception to the exclusionary rule permits the introduction of illegally seized evidence if suspects willfully offer the information?