Exam 4: Economic Determinism and Exploitation: the Structuralist Perspective

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Structuralism, mercantilism, and liberalism are all theories that seek to explain the behavior of actors in the international political economy. Each theory has its own unique perspective on the dominant actors, their motivations, and the role of the state in the economy.

In terms of dominant actors, structuralism focuses on the role of multinational corporations and global financial institutions as the primary actors in the international political economy. These actors are seen as having significant power and influence over economic policies and outcomes. Mercantilism, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of the state as the dominant actor in the economy. States are seen as pursuing policies that prioritize the accumulation of wealth and power through trade and economic dominance. Liberalism, meanwhile, emphasizes the role of individuals and private businesses as the dominant actors in the economy. Liberalism advocates for free markets and minimal state intervention in economic affairs.

In terms of political versus economic motivations behind actors' behavior, structuralism argues that actors are primarily motivated by economic interests, particularly the pursuit of profit and market dominance. This perspective emphasizes the role of economic structures and power imbalances in shaping actors' behavior. Mercantilism, on the other hand, emphasizes the political motivations behind actors' behavior. States are seen as pursuing policies that prioritize national interests and power, often at the expense of other states. Liberalism, meanwhile, emphasizes the economic motivations behind actors' behavior, arguing that individuals and businesses are primarily motivated by self-interest and the pursuit of wealth.

In terms of the role of the state in the economy, structuralism sees the state as playing a significant role in shaping economic outcomes, particularly through policies that regulate and control multinational corporations and financial institutions. Mercantilism, as previously mentioned, emphasizes the central role of the state in the economy, advocating for protectionist policies and state intervention to promote national economic interests. Liberalism, on the other hand, advocates for minimal state intervention in the economy, emphasizing the importance of free markets and individual economic freedom.

In conclusion, while structuralism, mercantilism, and liberalism all seek to explain the behavior of actors in the international political economy, they differ in their perspectives on dominant actors, motivations behind actors' behavior, and the role of the state in the economy. These differences reflect the diverse and often conflicting views on how the international political economy operates.