Exam 7: The Foundations of Free Expression

Correct Answer:

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Four major privacy claims typically refer to legal causes of action in the context of privacy law. These claims address different ways in which an individual's privacy can be violated. Here are four major privacy claims:

1. **Intrusion upon Seclusion**: This claim arises when someone intentionally intrudes, physically or otherwise, upon the solitude or seclusion of another or his/her private affairs or concerns, in a manner that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person. This can include physical intrusion into a private place, e.g., someone's home, or electronic surveillance in a private space.

2. **Public Disclosure of Private Facts**: This claim involves the public disclosure of private information about an individual that is not of public concern and the disclosure of which would be offensive to a reasonable person. The disclosed facts must be private, meaning they are not generally known or readily accessible to the public.

3. **False Light**: A false light claim is made when someone publicly attributes to an individual characteristics, conduct, or beliefs that are false, and this misrepresentation is highly offensive to a reasonable person. Unlike defamation, false light claims focus on the right to be left alone and the emotional distress that comes from being misrepresented, rather than on damage to reputation.

4. **Appropriation of Name or Likeness**: This claim arises when someone uses another's name, likeness, or identity without permission for commercial purposes or personal gain. This is often referred to as a violation of the right of publicity. It protects individuals from having their persona commercially exploited without their consent.

These claims are part of the broader field of privacy law, which varies by jurisdiction. In the United States, for example, these claims are often grounded in state law and can differ in their specifics from one state to another. It's important to consult legal expertise in your specific jurisdiction to understand the nuances of privacy claims.