Question 1

According to research by Messner, Dunbar and Hunt, the "Televised Sports Manhood Formula" includes the theme that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the voices of authority in sport now reflect the ethnic and racial diversity of participants in many major sports. 
B)  women have shown that they are talented athletes worthy of respect. 
C)  athletes should give up their body for the team. 
D)  sportsmanship requires some restraint of aggression in sport. 
A)  the voices of authority in sport now reflect the ethnic and racial diversity of participants in many major sports. 
B)  women have shown that they are talented athletes worthy of respect. 
C)  athletes should give up their body for the team. 
D)  sportsmanship requires some restraint of aggression in sport. C

Question 2

Imagine that the allocation of resources, opportunities, and rewards in athletics at a local private high school is rigidly stratified in regard to social class, gender, and race. This could mean that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there has always been a mix of students from different socio-economic backgrounds on all the school sports teams. 
B)  black and white players have both been captains of the boys' and girls' basketball teams. 
C)  male coaches get paid more than female coaches. 
D)  one year the top paid coach is a male and the next year it is a female. 
A)  there has always been a mix of students from different socio-economic backgrounds on all the school sports teams. 
B)  black and white players have both been captains of the boys' and girls' basketball teams. 
C)  male coaches get paid more than female coaches. 
D)  one year the top paid coach is a male and the next year it is a female. C

Question 3

ESPN's list of the "Top 100 North American Athletes of the 20th Century" included:

Accepted Answer

A)  no women. 
B)  more horses than female athletes and more horses than minority male athletes. 
C)  no athletes from outside the United States. 
D)  an overrepresentation of black males and an underrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities compared to the percentages of women and racial and ethnic minorities in the general population in their countries. 
A)  no women. 
B)  more horses than female athletes and more horses than minority male athletes. 
C)  no athletes from outside the United States. 
D)  an overrepresentation of black males and an underrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities compared to the percentages of women and racial and ethnic minorities in the general population in their countries. D

Question 4

The American Dream:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not apply to sport in the United States. 
B)  is an accurate general description of the opportunity structure in U.S. sports. 
C)  is more like a myth than a factual statement about opportunities for social mobility in U.S. sports. 
D)  implies that is virtually impossible now for athletes from poor backgrounds and from minority racial and ethnic groups to become U.S. sports stars. 
A)  does not apply to sport in the United States. 
B)  is an accurate general description of the opportunity structure in U.S. sports. 
C)  is more like a myth than a factual statement about opportunities for social mobility in U.S. sports. 
D)  implies that is virtually impossible now for athletes from poor backgrounds and from minority racial and ethnic groups to become U.S. sports stars.

Question 5

The text has suggested that minority or female athletes or coaches who have experienced prejudice or discrimination are least likely to protest the social injustice in their sport when they:

Accepted Answer

A)  bitterly resent the better treatment accorded majority group members or males in their sport. 
B)  recognize that sport is unfair and they have been underrewarded. 
C)  believe that they lack the resources and power to challenge the power structure of sport successfully. 
D)  think they are very good at playing or coaching their sport. 
A)  bitterly resent the better treatment accorded majority group members or males in their sport. 
B)  recognize that sport is unfair and they have been underrewarded. 
C)  believe that they lack the resources and power to challenge the power structure of sport successfully. 
D)  think they are very good at playing or coaching their sport.

Question 6

How are sports stratified globally, and how is the global stratification of sport related to the Golden Triangle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are sports stratified globally, and how...

Question 7

Coverage of minority and female athletes by the mass media of the Golden Triangle in the U.S. tends to:

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage critical perspectives about the discrimination and prejudice athletes from these backgrounds have experienced in sport. 
B)  show that the American Dream is a myth when it is applied to sport. 
C)  ignore the underlying social structural and cultural obstacles that have made it difficult for many minority and female athletes to succeed in sport. 
D)  ignore any reference to the accomplishments and success of minority and female athletes. 
A)  encourage critical perspectives about the discrimination and prejudice athletes from these backgrounds have experienced in sport. 
B)  show that the American Dream is a myth when it is applied to sport. 
C)  ignore the underlying social structural and cultural obstacles that have made it difficult for many minority and female athletes to succeed in sport. 
D)  ignore any reference to the accomplishments and success of minority and female athletes.

Question 8

The special feature about the America's Cup in the text showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  elite sports today can be strongly tied to the Golden Triangle. 
B)  participants and investors in elite sports are more concerned about sportsmanship than about winning. 
C)  the America's Cup, as an elite sport, continues to resist the forces of globalization and diversity in the sports world. 
D)  Veblen's ideas about conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure have no relevance to contemporary elite sports. 
A)  elite sports today can be strongly tied to the Golden Triangle. 
B)  participants and investors in elite sports are more concerned about sportsmanship than about winning. 
C)  the America's Cup, as an elite sport, continues to resist the forces of globalization and diversity in the sports world. 
D)  Veblen's ideas about conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure have no relevance to contemporary elite sports.

Question 9

NCAA data cited in the text about social mobility opportunities in U.S. sports indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the American Dream is true. 
B)  females have much better chances than males have of moving from high school to college basketball and from college basketball to the professional level. 
C)  males have a better chance of moving from the college to the professional level in baseball than in basketball or in football. 
D)  the idea of upward mobility through sport is a myth for everyone who aspires to become a professional sports star. 
A)  the American Dream is true. 
B)  females have much better chances than males have of moving from high school to college basketball and from college basketball to the professional level. 
C)  males have a better chance of moving from the college to the professional level in baseball than in basketball or in football. 
D)  the idea of upward mobility through sport is a myth for everyone who aspires to become a professional sports star.

Question 10

Mass media portrayals or accounts of minorities and women in sport:

Accepted Answer

A)  usually are consistent with existing structures of social inequality in society. 
B)  generally challenge existing stereotypes in society. 
C)  show that the Golden Triangle is committed to reducing inequalities in sport and society. 
D)  reflect the ways minority and female athletes want to be covered by the media 
A)  usually are consistent with existing structures of social inequality in society. 
B)  generally challenge existing stereotypes in society. 
C)  show that the Golden Triangle is committed to reducing inequalities in sport and society. 
D)  reflect the ways minority and female athletes want to be covered by the media

Question 11

What kinds of images of women, racial and ethnic minorities, homosexuals, and people with disabilities in sport do the mass media generally create?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kinds of images of women, racial...

Question 12

The "sports-media-commercial complex" identified by Messner, which we call the Golden Triangle, has tended to respond to the growth of women's involvement in sports with coverage that has:

Accepted Answer

A)  become as extensive as men's coverage on the major television networks and cable outlets. 
B)  avoided sexualized images of women that demean the athletic abilities of women in sport. 
C)  not presented women athletes in poses that show off their pride in their bodies. 
D)  selectively focused on a relatively few outstanding female athletes in a few sports. 
A)  become as extensive as men's coverage on the major television networks and cable outlets. 
B)  avoided sexualized images of women that demean the athletic abilities of women in sport. 
C)  not presented women athletes in poses that show off their pride in their bodies. 
D)  selectively focused on a relatively few outstanding female athletes in a few sports.

Question 13

In the global stratification of sport:

Accepted Answer

A)  U.S. football is at the top. 
B)  the majority of the richest sports teams in the world are soccer clubs. 
C)  the Golden Triangle has very little influence. 
D)  all sports are ranked the same way in every nation in the world. 
A)  U.S. football is at the top. 
B)  the majority of the richest sports teams in the world are soccer clubs. 
C)  the Golden Triangle has very little influence. 
D)  all sports are ranked the same way in every nation in the world.

Question 14

One could conclude from the analysis of the "Televised Sports Manhood Formula" by Messner, Dunbar and Hunt that the televised sports programs they studied:

Accepted Answer

A)  provided boys with narrow and stereotypical messages about race, gender and violence. 
B)  encouraged boys to accept gender equity as a reality of contemporary sports. 
C)  conflicted with the interests of the Golden Triangle. 
D)  encouraged boys to take care of their bodies and protect them from injuries. 
A)  provided boys with narrow and stereotypical messages about race, gender and violence. 
B)  encouraged boys to accept gender equity as a reality of contemporary sports. 
C)  conflicted with the interests of the Golden Triangle. 
D)  encouraged boys to take care of their bodies and protect them from injuries.

Question 15

Smart's observations about the relationship between social class and the development of sport in England and the United States suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the rise of professional sports in both countries was due to strong support from the upper classes. 
B)  the democratization of sports in these two countries meant that sports opportunities were increasingly restricted to members of the more affluent classes. 
C)  strict enforcement of amateur eligibility would have restricted Olympic participation mainly to the elite classes. 
D)  the United States has historically paid attention to class distinctions in sport and society, while England has not. 
A)  the rise of professional sports in both countries was due to strong support from the upper classes. 
B)  the democratization of sports in these two countries meant that sports opportunities were increasingly restricted to members of the more affluent classes. 
C)  strict enforcement of amateur eligibility would have restricted Olympic participation mainly to the elite classes. 
D)  the United States has historically paid attention to class distinctions in sport and society, while England has not.

Question 16

What are social stratification and social mobility, and how do these terms apply to sport and the American Dream?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are social stratification and social mobility,...

Question 17

The idea that the existing salary inequalities in professional sport are necessary for the motivation of athletes to perform well is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

A)  social conflict theory. 
B)  structural functionalist theory. 
C)  symbolic interactionism. 
D)  feminist theory. 
A)  social conflict theory. 
B)  structural functionalist theory. 
C)  symbolic interactionism. 
D)  feminist theory.

Question 18

What do you think is the most basic status distinction in sport?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do you think is the most...

Question 19

Evidence about the mass media and sport has generally shown that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the close association between the Golden Triangle and the major sports media has resulted in tendencies for the media to challenge stereotypes of women and minorities and to question inequalities in sport and society. 
B)  the dominant sports media of the Golden Triangle have historically tended to give women and minorities less airtime and less print coverage than their higher-status counterparts in sport. 
C)  the major sports media of the Golden Triangle have been objective and unbiased in covering women and minorities in sport. 
D)  the major sports media of the Golden Triangle have tried to "whiten" the image of male sports stars with racial or ethnic minority backgrounds, but they have not taken this approach in covering racial or ethnic minority stars in women's sports. 
A)  the close association between the Golden Triangle and the major sports media has resulted in tendencies for the media to challenge stereotypes of women and minorities and to question inequalities in sport and society. 
B)  the dominant sports media of the Golden Triangle have historically tended to give women and minorities less airtime and less print coverage than their higher-status counterparts in sport. 
C)  the major sports media of the Golden Triangle have been objective and unbiased in covering women and minorities in sport. 
D)  the major sports media of the Golden Triangle have tried to "whiten" the image of male sports stars with racial or ethnic minority backgrounds, but they have not taken this approach in covering racial or ethnic minority stars in women's sports.

Question 20

How would a structural functionalist and a Marxist or conflict theorist differ in their interpretation of the steep salary hierarchies and big differences in pay among professional athletes in a sport?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would a structural functionalist and a...

According to research by Messner, Dunbar and Hunt, the "Televised Sports Manhood Formula" includes the theme that:

Imagine that the allocation of resources, opportunities, and rewards in athletics at a local private high school is rigidly stratified in regard to social class, gender, and race. This could mean that:

ESPN's list of the "Top 100 North American Athletes of the 20^th Century" included:

The American Dream:

The text has suggested that minority or female athletes or coaches who have experienced prejudice or discrimination are least likely to protest the social injustice in their sport when they:

How are sports stratified globally, and how is the global stratification of sport related to the Golden Triangle?

Coverage of minority and female athletes by the mass media of the Golden Triangle in the U.S. tends to:

The special feature about the America's Cup in the text showed that:

NCAA data cited in the text about social mobility opportunities in U.S. sports indicated that:

Mass media portrayals or accounts of minorities and women in sport:

What kinds of images of women, racial and ethnic minorities, homosexuals, and people with disabilities in sport do the mass media generally create?

The "sports-media-commercial complex" identified by Messner, which we call the Golden Triangle, has tended to respond to the growth of women's involvement in sports with coverage that has:

In the global stratification of sport:

One could conclude from the analysis of the "Televised Sports Manhood Formula" by Messner, Dunbar and Hunt that the televised sports programs they studied:

Smart's observations about the relationship between social class and the development of sport in England and the United States suggest that:

What are social stratification and social mobility, and how do these terms apply to sport and the American Dream?

The idea that the existing salary inequalities in professional sport are necessary for the motivation of athletes to perform well is most consistent with:

What do you think is the most basic status distinction in sport?

Evidence about the mass media and sport has generally shown that:

How would a structural functionalist and a Marxist or conflict theorist differ in their interpretation of the steep salary hierarchies and big differences in pay among professional athletes in a sport?

Sport, the Body, and Forces of Change: an Introduction to Sport Sociology

Social Theories and Research Methods in Sport Sociology

Dimensions of Social Inequality in Sport

Globalization, Global Sports Culture, and the Golden Triangle

From the Global Cultural Economy to Us Sports Cultures and Subcultures

Socialization in Youth Sports and Interscholastic Athletics

Sport, Social Deviance, and Social Problems

Sport and Higher Education

The Professional Sports Industry and Sports Careers

Sport, Politics, and the Future

Filters

Exam 3: Stratification and Social Class in Sport

According to research by Messner, Dunbar and Hunt, the "Televised Sports Manhood Formula" includes the theme that:

Imagine that the allocation of resources, opportunities, and rewards in athletics at a local private high school is rigidly stratified in regard to social class, gender, and race. This could mean that:

ESPN's list of the "Top 100 North American Athletes of the 20th Century" included:

The American Dream:

The text has suggested that minority or female athletes or coaches who have experienced prejudice or discrimination are least likely to protest the social injustice in their sport when they:

How are sports stratified globally, and how is the global stratification of sport related to the Golden Triangle?

Coverage of minority and female athletes by the mass media of the Golden Triangle in the U.S. tends to:

The special feature about the America's Cup in the text showed that:

NCAA data cited in the text about social mobility opportunities in U.S. sports indicated that:

Mass media portrayals or accounts of minorities and women in sport:

What kinds of images of women, racial and ethnic minorities, homosexuals, and people with disabilities in sport do the mass media generally create?

The "sports-media-commercial complex" identified by Messner, which we call the Golden Triangle, has tended to respond to the growth of women's involvement in sports with coverage that has:

In the global stratification of sport:

One could conclude from the analysis of the "Televised Sports Manhood Formula" by Messner, Dunbar and Hunt that the televised sports programs they studied:

Smart's observations about the relationship between social class and the development of sport in England and the United States suggest that:

What are social stratification and social mobility, and how do these terms apply to sport and the American Dream?

The idea that the existing salary inequalities in professional sport are necessary for the motivation of athletes to perform well is most consistent with:

What do you think is the most basic status distinction in sport?

Evidence about the mass media and sport has generally shown that:

How would a structural functionalist and a Marxist or conflict theorist differ in their interpretation of the steep salary hierarchies and big differences in pay among professional athletes in a sport?

Sport, the Body, and Forces of Change: an Introduction to Sport Sociology

Social Theories and Research Methods in Sport Sociology

Dimensions of Social Inequality in Sport

Globalization, Global Sports Culture, and the Golden Triangle

From the Global Cultural Economy to Us Sports Cultures and Subcultures

Socialization in Youth Sports and Interscholastic Athletics

Sport, Social Deviance, and Social Problems

Sport and Higher Education

The Professional Sports Industry and Sports Careers

Sport, Politics, and the Future

Filters

ESPN's list of the "Top 100 North American Athletes of the 20^th Century" included: