Exam 5: Analyzing Arg From Principle

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Look inside the mouth of a human being. You'll find canine teeth and incisors. These teeth are adapted for eating flesh, not vegetables. It isn't just our teeth-the general biological evidence is overwhelming: the human body is by nature able to eat meat. Look to the earliest cave paintings: they show humans hunting animals. It isn't just the cave paintings -the general archaeological evidence is also overwhelming: from our earliest days on Earth, human beings have eaten meat. In short, the scientific evidence from multiple disciplines proves that eating meat is natural for human beings. And surely behaviors that are natural for human beings are morally permissible for human beings--it would be absurd to claim otherwise. Therefore, eating meat is morally permissible for human beings.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? It's always wrong to end an innocent human life. So, abortion is always wrong, since it always ends an innocent human life.

Supply the missing premise or conclusion to make a properly structured Argument from Principle. 1) Lying is always wrong. 2) ).. So, intentionally misrepresenting your finances on your tax forms is wrong.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? A person is morally required to aid others only if doing so doesn't require using their own hard-earned money. So, we're not obligated to donate 1% of our income to effective poverty relief agencies, because doing so would require using our own hard- earned money.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Charles Murray is notorious for his view, explained in his 1994 book The Bell Curve, that different racial groups are genetically disposed to have different levels of intelligence, and that, on average, Black people are inherently less intelligent than White and Asian people. Although the "science" of the book has been widely and repeatedly debunked, many white supremacists remain devoted fans of the The Bell Curve. In 2017, Charles Murray gave a talk on an unrelated topic at Middlebury College. Soon after he started, students in the audience began shouting over top of him, which made it impossible for the audience to hear him and forced him to stop speaking. Afterwards, student leaders of the protest said that they believed it was important to shut down the speech, to avoid giving him a platform from which to spread bigoted views. Murray's case raises a challenging question: is it morally right to prevent a speaker from speaking, on the grounds that they hold bigoted views? At least in Murray's case, the answer is "No, it is not morally right." We should respond to the speech of others in a way that best helps the audience form true beliefs. Silencing Charles Murray's speech at Middlebury didn't do that. Allowing him to speak, and then vigorously and rigorously critiquing his views would have been the morally better strategy. After all, vigorously critiquing his views would help the audience understand why his views are mistaken, while shutting down his speech only entrenches his supporters in their mistaken beliefs. It was wrong for Middleburry students to shut down Murray's talk.

Supply the missing premise or conclusion to make a properly structured Argument from Principle. 1) It's wrong to do things that make serious problems worse. 2) ).. So, driving a gas-guzzling car is wrong.

Supply the missing premise or conclusion to make a properly structured Argument from Principle. 1) An action is racist only if it is based upon harmful and false stereotypes about people of a particular race. 2) At least some white men who prefer to date Asian women are not acting based upon harmful and false stereotypes about people of a particular race. Therefore, ...

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Charles Murray has claimed, in print, that Black people are genetically inferior to White people. That kind of racist claim is totally unsupported by science, but has nevertheless supported attitudes and policies of racial oppression throughout the history of the USA. Students, such as those at Middlebury College, who have staged noisy protests to prevent Charles Murray from speaking at their college deserve our moral respect. It is always right to prevent people from contributing to the oppression of minority groups, and that is what they did. Allowing Murray a platform would contribute to the oppression of minority groups, and those students stepped in and stopped it.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Does the pornography industry wrongfully exploit women, or is a job in porn just another job like any other? I think it is clear that the pornography industry wrongfully exploits women. Many of the women who work in the industry would leave it if they had good alternatives for well-paid work. That means the pornography industry makes money off of people doing things they wouldn't otherwise do if they had other options. Any industry that does that is a wrongfully exploitative industry.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? It was completely wrong of your chemistry professor to fail you just because you didn't turn in any of the work. She knows you need that class to graduate.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? The Makah Tribe is a culture indigenous to the Pacific Northwest. Among many practices special to the Makah is an annual whale hunt, in which men of the tribe set out in cedar canoes to hunt, and hopefully kill, a gray whale. The returning hunters are met with ceremonies and songs, and precise rules govern how the whale is divided up between the families who make up the tribe. Many American and European environmentalists are especially protective of whales. This has led some environmentalists to criticize the Makah culture for its annual whale hunt. In criticizing Makah whale hunts, environmentalists go too far. Makah culture views whale hunts as spiritually important and good, and when Makah people head out on a whale hunt, they are doing something their own culture endorses. It is always wrong for a person from one culture to criticize the culturally-sanctioned practices of a person from another culture. It is therefore morally wrong for environmentalists--who are not Makah themselves--to criticize a Makah person for hunting gray whales.

Supply the missing premise or conclusion to make a properly structured Argument from Principle. 1) You ought to minimize the amount of pollution you generate. 2) . . . So, you ought to recycle your bottles and cans.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Look inside the mouth of a human being. You'll find canine teeth and incisors. These teeth are adapted for eating flesh, not vegetables. It isn't just our teeth-the general biological evidence is overwhelming: the human body is by nature able to eat meat. Look to the earliest cave paintings: they show humans hunting animals. It isn't just the cave paintings-the general archaeological evidence is also overwhelming: from our earliest days on Earth, human beings have eaten meat. In short, the scientific evidence from multiple disciplines proves that eating meat is natural for human beings. And surely behaviors that are natural for human beings are morally permissible for human beings--it would be absurd to claim otherwise. Therefore, eating meat is morally permissible for human beings.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Black Lives Matter (BLM) protesters have been working to promote awareness and change in response to unjust policing practices that have resulted in wrongful harassment, injury, and death for many people of color. So when groups of counter- protesters push back against BLM by yelling "All Lives Matter!," this has unsurprisingly led to fierce debates about whether these White counter-protesters are doing something racist. An action is racist if it is based upon false or unjustified beliefs that contribute to oppression or subordination of some racial group. This principle provides a resolution to the debate: chanting "All lives matter!" is indeed racist. White counter-protesters who yell "All lives matter!" at a Black Lives Matter demonstration reveal that they believe that Black people are just whining or making up problems. This belief is unjustified and clearly contributes to racial oppression by perpetuating an unwillingness to face up to serious injustices.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Obviously, no one deserves blame for doing something that's perfectly legal. It therefore follows that we're totally misguided if we blame people for driving gas- guzzling cars.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? It's wrong for doctors to use placebos on patients, because it is always wrong for a healthcare practitioner to deceive a patient.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? Eating meat is morally permissible. After all, other animals do it.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? I can't believe you tattled on Heather for cheating on the chemistry midterm. That was so wrong of you to do that to her. It's not like she killed someone.

Supply the missing premise or conclusion to make a properly structured Argument from Principle. 1) ).. 2) Cheating on an exam gives a student an unfair advantage over others in the job market. So, it's wrong for a student to cheat on an exam.

Which is the best standard-form representation of the following Argument from Principle? A fetus potentially has a right to life. (If allowed to develop, it will become a child, and children definitely have a right to life.) If someone potentially has a right, then we should treat them as though they already do have that right. For this reason, we should treat fetuses as if they have the same right to life that children have.