Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lightning is seen before thunder is heard?

Accepted Answer

A) Electromagnetic waves travel faster than mechanical waves in air. 
B) Electromagnetic waves have a higher frequency than mechanical waves. 
C) Electromagnetic waves experience less interference than mechanical waves. 
D) Electromagnetic waves form faster than mechanical waves during a thunderstorm. 
A) Electromagnetic waves travel faster than mechanical waves in air. 
B) Electromagnetic waves have a higher frequency than mechanical waves. 
C) Electromagnetic waves experience less interference than mechanical waves. 
D) Electromagnetic waves form faster than mechanical waves during a thunderstorm.

Question 2

Which of the following would cause a change in the speed of a mechanical wave?

Accepted Answer

A) the wave moving through a liquid 
B) the wave moving from a solid to a gas 
C) the wave being made by a larger vibration 
D) the wave being made by a smaller vibration 
A) the wave moving through a liquid 
B) the wave moving from a solid to a gas 
C) the wave being made by a larger vibration 
D) the wave being made by a smaller vibration

Question 3

Wo students stretch a rope horizontally between them. One student moves one end of the rope up and down repeatedly for a short time.Which of the following describes the frequency of the waves in the rope?

Accepted Answer

A) the height that the rope reaches when moved up 
B) the amount of time it takes for one wave to travel the length of the rope 
C) the number of times the rope is moved up and down in a time interval 
D) the distance measured between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave in the rope 
A) the height that the rope reaches when moved up 
B) the amount of time it takes for one wave to travel the length of the rope 
C) the number of times the rope is moved up and down in a time interval 
D) the distance measured between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave in the rope

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes an electromagnetic wave with a long wavelength?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a low frequency and can travel in a vacuum. 
B) It has a high frequency and can travel in a vacuum. 
C) It has a low frequency and can only travel in a medium. 
D) It has a high frequency and can only travel in a medium. 
A) It has a low frequency and can travel in a vacuum. 
B) It has a high frequency and can travel in a vacuum. 
C) It has a low frequency and can only travel in a medium. 
D) It has a high frequency and can only travel in a medium.

Question 5

Suppose a scientist detects an electromagnetic wave with a frequency higher than those of gamma rays. The scientist labels this wave a Z-ray.Which of the following would always be true of a Z-ray?

Accepted Answer

A) A Z-ray would have a lesser amplitude than gamma rays. 
B) A Z-ray would have a greater amplitude than gamma rays. 
C) A Z-ray would have a shorter wavelength than gamma rays. 
D) A Z-ray would have a longer wavelength than gamma rays. 
A) A Z-ray would have a lesser amplitude than gamma rays. 
B) A Z-ray would have a greater amplitude than gamma rays. 
C) A Z-ray would have a shorter wavelength than gamma rays. 
D) A Z-ray would have a longer wavelength than gamma rays.

Question 6

A student hypothesizes that the mass of a substance affects how the temperature of the substance changes when it is heated. The student uses the following procedure to test the hypothesis:
Each sample is initially at room temperature before heating.
Each sample is heated for the same amount of time with the same heat source.
The final temperature is measured for each sample.
Which of the following would be the best way to select the samples for testing the student's hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Obtain samples of one substance, each with the same mass. 
B) Obtain samples of one substance, each with a different mass. 
C) Obtain samples of different substances, each with the same mass. 
D) Obtain samples of different substances, each with a different mass. 
A) Obtain samples of one substance, each with the same mass. 
B) Obtain samples of one substance, each with a different mass. 
C) Obtain samples of different substances, each with the same mass. 
D) Obtain samples of different substances, each with a different mass.

Question 7

Thermal energy is added to four identical 1.0 kg samples of water at room temperature. Which of the following increases in each sample?

Accepted Answer

A) average charge of an electron 
B) average density of a nucleus 
C) average mass of a proton 
D) average speed of a molecule 
A) average charge of an electron 
B) average density of a nucleus 
C) average mass of a proton 
D) average speed of a molecule

Question 8

Two identical beakers each contain 250 mL of water. The temperature of the water is 85°C in one beaker and 15°C in the other beaker. A drop of red food coloring is placed in each beaker at the same time. During the irst minute, which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The food coloring will spread out faster in the 85°C water than in the 15°C water. 
B) The food coloring will form a layer at the top of each beaker since it does not mix with water 
C) The food coloring will spread only halfway through the water in each beaker due to convection currents. 
D) The food coloring will settle faster at the bottom of the beaker containing 85°C water than at the bottom of the beaker containing 15°C water. 
A) The food coloring will spread out faster in the 85°C water than in the 15°C water. 
B) The food coloring will form a layer at the top of each beaker since it does not mix with water 
C) The food coloring will spread only halfway through the water in each beaker due to convection currents. 
D) The food coloring will settle faster at the bottom of the beaker containing 85°C water than at the bottom of the beaker containing 15°C water.

Question 9

A 9 kg model airplane lies horizontally at a constant speed. If the plane suddenly dives from its altitude of 50 m and levels off at 20 m, how much potential energy does it lose in the dive?

Accepted Answer

A) 450 J 
B) 1800 J 
C) 2700 J 
D) 9000 J 
A) 450 J 
B) 1800 J 
C) 2700 J 
D) 9000 J

Question 10

A balloon is inflated with roomtemperature air and then put in a sunny place. The balloon expands slightly due to a rise in temperature.Which of the following best describes the molecules of air inside the balloon when the balloon is left in the sunlight as compared to when it was first inflated?

Accepted Answer

A) The molecules are moving faster. 
B) There are more molecules in the balloon. 
C) There are fewer interactions between the molecules. 
D) The molecules stop colliding with the walls of the balloon. 
A) The molecules are moving faster. 
B) There are more molecules in the balloon. 
C) There are fewer interactions between the molecules. 
D) The molecules stop colliding with the walls of the balloon.

Question 11

A boat tied to a dock is stationary. Water waves constantly pass by the boat. The crests of the waves are 3 m apart and a crest passes the front of the boat every 4 s.What is the velocity of the waves?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.75 m/s 
B)  1.33 m/s 
C)  3 m/s 
D)  12 m/s 
A)  0.75 m/s 
B)  1.33 m/s 
C)  3 m/s 
D)  12 m/s

Question 12

A crane lifts two 100 kg loads of building materials to the top of a building under construction. The irst load is lifted in 10 s and the second load is lifted in 13 s. Which of the following statements best compares the work and power expended by the crane lifting the two loads?

Accepted Answer

A) The crane does more work and expends more power for the irst lift. 
B) The crane does the same work and expends the same power for each lift. 
C) The crane does the same work for each lift but expends more power for the irst lift. 
D) The crane does more work in the second lift but expends the same power for each lift. 
A) The crane does more work and expends more power for the irst lift. 
B) The crane does the same work and expends the same power for each lift. 
C) The crane does the same work for each lift but expends more power for the irst lift. 
D) The crane does more work in the second lift but expends the same power for each lift.

Question 13

A 600 g basketball, a 57 g tennis ball, a 46 g golf ball, and a 2.7 g table tennis ball are moving with the same velocity. Which ball has the greatest momentum?

Accepted Answer

A) golf ball 
B) basketball 
C) tennis ball 
D) table tennis ball 
A) golf ball 
B) basketball 
C) tennis ball 
D) table tennis ball

Question 14

When one end of a short metal bar is heated, the opposite end will eventually become hot. Which of the following processes transfers the heat through the bar?

Accepted Answer

A) condensation 
B) conduction 
C) convection 
D) radiation 
A) condensation 
B) conduction 
C) convection 
D) radiation

Question 15

Measurements inside a sealed container show that the pressure exerted by a gas increases as the thermal energy of the gasincreases.Which of the following best explains this pressure increase?

Accepted Answer

A) The gas molecules stick to the walls of the container. 
B) The gas molecules radiate energy in the form of nuclear particles. 
C) The gas molecules begin to bond together into heavier molecules. 
D) The gas molecules move faster and strike the container walls more frequently. 
A) The gas molecules stick to the walls of the container. 
B) The gas molecules radiate energy in the form of nuclear particles. 
C) The gas molecules begin to bond together into heavier molecules. 
D) The gas molecules move faster and strike the container walls more frequently.

Question 16

Two full 2 L bottles of water are placed on a table. Bottle 1 was just removed from a refrigerator; bottle 2 is at room temperature.Which of the following statements describes the average molecular kinetic energy and the speed of the molecules in each bottle?

Accepted Answer

A) Bottle 1 has the same average molecular kinetic energy as bottle 2, and the molecules have the same average speed in both bottles. 
B) Bottle 1 has a smaller average molecular kinetic energy than bottle 2, and the molecules have the same average speed in both bottles. 
C) Bottle 1 has a smaller average molecular kinetic energy than bottle 2, and the molecules have a slower average speed in bottle 1 than in bottle 2. 
D) Bottle 1 has a larger average molecular kinetic energy than bottle 2, and the molecules have a slower average speed in bottle 1 than in bottle 2. 
A) Bottle 1 has the same average molecular kinetic energy as bottle 2, and the molecules have the same average speed in both bottles. 
B) Bottle 1 has a smaller average molecular kinetic energy than bottle 2, and the molecules have the same average speed in both bottles. 
C) Bottle 1 has a smaller average molecular kinetic energy than bottle 2, and the molecules have a slower average speed in bottle 1 than in bottle 2. 
D) Bottle 1 has a larger average molecular kinetic energy than bottle 2, and the molecules have a slower average speed in bottle 1 than in bottle 2.

Question 17

Which of the following is least likely to result in the generation of static charge?

Accepted Answer

A) peeling plastic wrap off a CD case 
B) combing dry hair with a plastic comb 
C) rubbing one's shoes on a synthetic carpet 
D) drying one's body with a towel after a shower 
A) peeling plastic wrap off a CD case 
B) combing dry hair with a plastic comb 
C) rubbing one's shoes on a synthetic carpet 
D) drying one's body with a towel after a shower

Question 18

Jenkins constructed a circuit consisting of a variable source, wires, and a resistor. In order to triple the amount of current, how should he change the voltage of the source?

Accepted Answer

A) make the voltage three times larger 
B) make the voltage one-third as great 
C) make the voltage nine times larger 
D) make the voltage one-ninth as great 
A) make the voltage three times larger 
B) make the voltage one-third as great 
C) make the voltage nine times larger 
D) make the voltage one-ninth as great

Question 19

A car with its horn sounding approaches a group of students. Assume the car's horn produces sound waves with a constant frequency.Which of the following statements bestexplains why the students hear a higher pitch as the car approaches than when it is stopped?

Accepted Answer

A) The sound waves increase in speed as the car approaches the students. 
B) The sound waves decrease in speed as the car approaches the students. 
C) The sound waves are heard at a lower frequency as the car approaches the students. 
D) The sound waves are heard at a higher frequency as the car approaches the students. 
A) The sound waves increase in speed as the car approaches the students. 
B) The sound waves decrease in speed as the car approaches the students. 
C) The sound waves are heard at a lower frequency as the car approaches the students. 
D) The sound waves are heard at a higher frequency as the car approaches the students.

Question 20

A student is turning the handle of a generator. Another student connects a bulb to the generator. The bulb lights up. The first student continues to turn the handle of the generator at the same speed, but finds it harder to turn. Which of the following best explains this?

Accepted Answer

A) Less mechanical energy is required when the bulb is lit. 
B) More energy is put into the generator when the bulb is lit. 
C) Less mechanical energy is required the longer the generator is turned and the bulb is lit. 
D) The energy requirement of the generator is the same at any speed whether or not the bulb is lit. 
A) Less mechanical energy is required when the bulb is lit. 
B) More energy is put into the generator when the bulb is lit. 
C) Less mechanical energy is required the longer the generator is turned and the bulb is lit. 
D) The energy requirement of the generator is the same at any speed whether or not the bulb is lit.

Exam 32: (AP) Physics: Introductory Physics

Which of the following statements best explains why lightning is seen before thunder is heard?

Which of the following would cause a change in the speed of a mechanical wave?

Wo students stretch a rope horizontally between them. One student moves one end of the rope up and down repeatedly for a short time.Which of the following describes the frequency of the waves in the rope?

Which of the following statements best describes an electromagnetic wave with a long wavelength?

Suppose a scientist detects an electromagnetic wave with a frequency higher than those of gamma rays. The scientist labels this wave a Z-ray.Which of the following would always be true of a Z-ray?

Thermal energy is added to four identical 1.0 kg samples of water at room temperature. Which of the following increases in each sample?

Two identical beakers each contain 250 mL of water. The temperature of the water is 85°C in one beaker and 15°C in the other beaker. A drop of red food coloring is placed in each beaker at the same time. During the irst minute, which of the following is most likely to happen?

A 9 kg model airplane lies horizontally at a constant speed. If the plane suddenly dives from its altitude of 50 m and levels off at 20 m, how much potential energy does it lose in the dive?

A balloon is inflated with roomtemperature air and then put in a sunny place. The balloon expands slightly due to a rise in temperature.Which of the following best describes the molecules of air inside the balloon when the balloon is left in the sunlight as compared to when it was first inflated?

A boat tied to a dock is stationary. Water waves constantly pass by the boat. The crests of the waves are 3 m apart and a crest passes the front of the boat every 4 s.What is the velocity of the waves?

A crane lifts two 100 kg loads of building materials to the top of a building under construction. The irst load is lifted in 10 s and the second load is lifted in 13 s. Which of the following statements best compares the work and power expended by the crane lifting the two loads?

A 600 g basketball, a 57 g tennis ball, a 46 g golf ball, and a 2.7 g table tennis ball are moving with the same velocity. Which ball has the greatest momentum?

When one end of a short metal bar is heated, the opposite end will eventually become hot. Which of the following processes transfers the heat through the bar?

Measurements inside a sealed container show that the pressure exerted by a gas increases as the thermal energy of the gasincreases.Which of the following best explains this pressure increase?

Two full 2 L bottles of water are placed on a table. Bottle 1 was just removed from a refrigerator; bottle 2 is at room temperature.Which of the following statements describes the average molecular kinetic energy and the speed of the molecules in each bottle?

Which of the following is least likely to result in the generation of static charge?

Jenkins constructed a circuit consisting of a variable source, wires, and a resistor. In order to triple the amount of current, how should he change the voltage of the source?

A car with its horn sounding approaches a group of students. Assume the car's horn produces sound waves with a constant frequency.Which of the following statements bestexplains why the students hear a higher pitch as the car approaches than when it is stopped?

A student is turning the handle of a generator. Another student connects a bulb to the generator. The bulb lights up. The first student continues to turn the handle of the generator at the same speed, but finds it harder to turn. Which of the following best explains this?

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