Question 1

How might the determinants of commitment be different for exercise than for sport participation?

Accepted Answer

It is unlikely that the determinants of commitment would be different in exercise settings from sport settings. Scanlan and colleagues identify five factors which influence sport commitment (i.e., enjoyment, involvement alternatives, personal investment, social constraints, and involvement opportunities). Enjoyment, personal investment, social constraints, and involvement opportunities are positive predictors of commitment to sport (and exercise) whereas the greater the opportunity to engage in other activities, the lower the sport/exercise commitment.

Question 2

The extent to which an individual feels (s)he will be successful in performing a desired behaviour reflects the psychological construct of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy 
B)  self-determination 
C)  intention 
D)  outcome expectation 
A)  self-efficacy 
B)  self-determination 
C)  intention 
D)  outcome expectation A

Question 3

Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, describe how attitudes are formed and list the most common exercise attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Attitude is the function of the individual's behavioural beliefs that performing the behaviour will lead to certain consequences and her/his evaluation of the consequences. The most common beliefs are that exercise enhances fitness and health, improves physical appearance, is fun and enjoyable, and promotes social interactions.

Question 4

As a physical activity promotion expert, you are looking further understand the role that attitudes toward physical activity has on behaviour. What theoretical perspective could you adopt to investigate this question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory of Planned Behaviour 
B)  Social Cognitive Theory 
C)  A and B 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Theory of Planned Behaviour 
B)  Social Cognitive Theory 
C)  A and B 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

According to the Transtheoretical Model, interventions targeting changes in how a person thinks are most effective for an individual who is not already exercising.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Reinforcement is most closely associated with the ________ Model.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive 
B)  Cognitive Behavioural 
C)  Behavioural 
D)  Psychophysiological 
A)  Cognitive 
B)  Cognitive Behavioural 
C)  Behavioural 
D)  Psychophysiological

Question 7

According to Self-Determination Theory, the quality and quantity of motivation matters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Rachel is a 28-year-old exerciser. She began engaging in regular exercise about 3 months ago. Using the Transtheoretical Model as a guiding framework, identify which stage of change Rachel is currently in. Using additional information found in TTM, identify other characteristics associated with Rachel's stage of change which influence her physical activity behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Rachel is in the Action stage. Given tha

Question 9

Within the framework of SDT, Deci and Ryan (2002) advocate for a continuum of motives. What are the various points encompassing this continuum and how the various regulations relate to cognition, affect, and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

SDT identifies that motives range along

Question 10

Athletes with high ego orientations may not be satisfied if training in a mastery-oriented environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A young wrestler attempting to mimic the moves of Olympic wrestler Tonya Verbeek would be an example of which specific factor contributing to the development of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  vicarious experience 
D)  sensation seeking 
A)  observational learning 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  vicarious experience 
D)  sensation seeking

Question 12

Imagine that you are an exercise class leader in a residential complex for older adults. What could you do to promote social support for exercise for your clients?

Accepted Answer

Social support may be promoted through a

Question 13

Which of the following builds on the idea of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation to suggest that motivation ranges along a continuum ranging in self-determination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organismic Integration Theory 
B)  Cognitive Evaluation Theory 
C)  Transtheoretical Model 
D)  Self-efficacy 
A)  Organismic Integration Theory 
B)  Cognitive Evaluation Theory 
C)  Transtheoretical Model 
D)  Self-efficacy

Question 14

What are the basic psychological needs consider pivotal to human functioning and development within SDT?

Accepted Answer

A)  competence, attitudes, and relatedness 
B)  competence, subjective norms, and relatedness 
C)  competence, autonomy, and perceived behavioural control 
D)  competence, autonomy, and relatedness 
A)  competence, attitudes, and relatedness 
B)  competence, subjective norms, and relatedness 
C)  competence, autonomy, and perceived behavioural control 
D)  competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Question 15

Jim is a cardiac patient who has come to see you for help. His physician has told him that he needs to start exercising but worries that the minute he gets on the stationary bicycle he will have another cardiac arrest. Develop a plan that will help increase Jim's exercise self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

-Past performance accomplishments: Get J

Question 16

Using criticism as a means of trying to change an athlete's behaviour is consistent with Cognitive Approaches to understanding motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT hypothesized to influence one's attitude toward exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  individual's perceived consequences of engaging in exercise 
B)  individual's positive or negative evaluation of the consequences 
C)  extent to which society values exercise 
D)  none of the above 
A)  individual's perceived consequences of engaging in exercise 
B)  individual's positive or negative evaluation of the consequences 
C)  extent to which society values exercise 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

________ is the most proximal determinant of behaviour in the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioural intention 
B)  Self-efficacy 
C)  Intrinsic goals 
D)  Preparation 
A)  Behavioural intention 
B)  Self-efficacy 
C)  Intrinsic goals 
D)  Preparation

Question 19

According to the Transtheoretical Model, how do shifts in behaviour occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  precontemplation 
B)  through intention 
C)  through self-efficacy 
D)  through processes of change 
A)  precontemplation 
B)  through intention 
C)  through self-efficacy 
D)  through processes of change

Question 20

Define reciprocal determinism and describe the main assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism is the interactiv

How might the determinants of commitment be different for exercise than for sport participation?

The extent to which an individual feels (s)he will be successful in performing a desired behaviour reflects the psychological construct of ________.

Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, describe how attitudes are formed and list the most common exercise attitudes.

As a physical activity promotion expert, you are looking further understand the role that attitudes toward physical activity has on behaviour. What theoretical perspective could you adopt to investigate this question?

According to the Transtheoretical Model, interventions targeting changes in how a person thinks are most effective for an individual who is not already exercising.

Reinforcement is most closely associated with the ________ Model.

According to Self-Determination Theory, the quality and quantity of motivation matters.

Within the framework of SDT, Deci and Ryan (2002) advocate for a continuum of motives. What are the various points encompassing this continuum and how the various regulations relate to cognition, affect, and behaviour?

Athletes with high ego orientations may not be satisfied if training in a mastery-oriented environment.

A young wrestler attempting to mimic the moves of Olympic wrestler Tonya Verbeek would be an example of which specific factor contributing to the development of self-efficacy?

Imagine that you are an exercise class leader in a residential complex for older adults. What could you do to promote social support for exercise for your clients?

Which of the following builds on the idea of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation to suggest that motivation ranges along a continuum ranging in self-determination?

What are the basic psychological needs consider pivotal to human functioning and development within SDT?

Jim is a cardiac patient who has come to see you for help. His physician has told him that he needs to start exercising but worries that the minute he gets on the stationary bicycle he will have another cardiac arrest. Develop a plan that will help increase Jim's exercise self-efficacy.

Using criticism as a means of trying to change an athlete's behaviour is consistent with Cognitive Approaches to understanding motivation.

Which of the following is NOT hypothesized to influence one's attitude toward exercise?

________ is the most proximal determinant of behaviour in the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

According to the Transtheoretical Model, how do shifts in behaviour occur?

Define reciprocal determinism and describe the main assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory.

Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

Personality in Sport and Exercise

Stress, Emotion, and Coping in Sport and Exercise

Anxiety in Sport and Exercise

Aggression and Moral Behaviour in Sport

Sport Psychology Interventions

Leadership in Sport and Exercise

Group Cohesion in Sport and Exercise

Youth Involvement and Positive Development in Sport

Coaching Psychology

Aging and Involvement in Sport and Physical Activity

Physical Activity and Mental Health

Body Image in Sport and Exercise

Physical Activity Interventions

Filters

Exam 3: Motivation and Behavioural Change

How might the determinants of commitment be different for exercise than for sport participation?

The extent to which an individual feels (s)he will be successful in performing a desired behaviour reflects the psychological construct of ________.

Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, describe how attitudes are formed and list the most common exercise attitudes.

As a physical activity promotion expert, you are looking further understand the role that attitudes toward physical activity has on behaviour. What theoretical perspective could you adopt to investigate this question?

According to the Transtheoretical Model, interventions targeting changes in how a person thinks are most effective for an individual who is not already exercising.

Reinforcement is most closely associated with the ________ Model.

According to Self-Determination Theory, the quality and quantity of motivation matters.

Within the framework of SDT, Deci and Ryan (2002) advocate for a continuum of motives. What are the various points encompassing this continuum and how the various regulations relate to cognition, affect, and behaviour?

Athletes with high ego orientations may not be satisfied if training in a mastery-oriented environment.

A young wrestler attempting to mimic the moves of Olympic wrestler Tonya Verbeek would be an example of which specific factor contributing to the development of self-efficacy?

Imagine that you are an exercise class leader in a residential complex for older adults. What could you do to promote social support for exercise for your clients?

Which of the following builds on the idea of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation to suggest that motivation ranges along a continuum ranging in self-determination?

What are the basic psychological needs consider pivotal to human functioning and development within SDT?

Jim is a cardiac patient who has come to see you for help. His physician has told him that he needs to start exercising but worries that the minute he gets on the stationary bicycle he will have another cardiac arrest. Develop a plan that will help increase Jim's exercise self-efficacy.

Using criticism as a means of trying to change an athlete's behaviour is consistent with Cognitive Approaches to understanding motivation.

Which of the following is NOT hypothesized to influence one's attitude toward exercise?

________ is the most proximal determinant of behaviour in the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

According to the Transtheoretical Model, how do shifts in behaviour occur?

Define reciprocal determinism and describe the main assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory.

Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

Personality in Sport and Exercise

Stress, Emotion, and Coping in Sport and Exercise

Anxiety in Sport and Exercise

Aggression and Moral Behaviour in Sport

Sport Psychology Interventions

Leadership in Sport and Exercise

Group Cohesion in Sport and Exercise

Youth Involvement and Positive Development in Sport

Coaching Psychology

Aging and Involvement in Sport and Physical Activity

Physical Activity and Mental Health

Body Image in Sport and Exercise

Physical Activity Interventions

Filters